新型低聚表面活性剂的合成及表面活性  

SYNTHESIS AND SURFACE ACTIVITY OF NEW OLIGOMERIC SURFACTANT

作　　者：李杰[1] 王晶[1] 陈巧梅[1] 吴文祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]大庆石油学院化学化工学院,黑龙江,大庆,163318 [2]大庆石油学院石油工程学院,黑龙江,大庆,163318

出　　处：《精细石油化工》2010年第1期47-50,共4页Speciality Petrochemicals

摘　　要：实验以乙二胺、环氧氯丙烷、十二叔胺为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂经开环和季铵化反应合成新型结构季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂.讨论了反应温度和反应时间对低聚表面活性剂中间体及其产物的影响,考察了产物水溶液的表面活性.实验结果表明:反应时间4 h、反应温度70 ℃、乙二胺和环氧氯丙烷摩尔比为1∶5时中间体收率为98.8%;反应时间1 h、反应温度80 ℃、中间体和十二叔胺摩尔比为1∶5时低聚表面活性剂收率为80.5%.低聚表面活性剂具有较好的表面活性,于25 ℃临界胶束浓度为0.38 mmol/L、表面张力为21.6 mN/m.A quaternary ammonium oligomeric surfactant was prepared with ethylenediamine,epichlorohydrin and dodecyl dimethyl amine by ring-opening reaction and quaternization reaction.Effects of the reaction time and the reaction temperature on the yields of oligomeric surfactant and its intermediate were studied in detail.The structure of the product was characterized by IR.Surface activity of its aqueous solution was measured,and excess adsorption amount(Γ_(max)) and the excess adsorption area per molecule(A_(min)) were calculated.The results showed that the yield of the intermediate was 98.8% with the reaction time of 4 h at 70℃when the molar ratio between ethylenediamine and epichlorohydrin was 1:5.The yield of the oligomeric surfactants was 80.5%for 1 h at 80℃when the ratio between the intermediate and dodecyl dimethyl amine was 1:5.Compared with DTAC and Gemini 12-2-12,the quaternary ammonium oligomeric surfactant has higher surface activity,with the surface tension and the critical micelle concentration at 25℃being 21.6 mN/m and 0.38 mmol/L,respectively.

关 键 词：低聚表面活性剂 表面张力 临界胶束浓度 饱和吸附量 

分 类 号：TQ423.12[化学工程]