高原飞行对高性能战斗机飞行员心率和呼吸频率的影响  

Effects of plateau flight mission on heart rate and respiratory rate of high performance fighter pilots

作　　者：郭华[1] 王生成[1] 陈清禄 景百胜[1] 罗永昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142 [2]解放军95703部队

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2013年第4期274-278,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：全军后勤科技“十二五”重大项目(AKJ11J005)

摘　　要：目的 观察高原飞行对飞行员生理参数和飞行劳动负荷的影响. 方法 13名健康男性高性能战斗机飞行员,分2批进驻高原,第1批(8名)进驻高原时间3个月,第2批(5名)进驻时间1周,对飞行前心率进行检测,并与其在原驻地心率进行比较；测量4类课目(警巡、空战、夜航、高原首次试飞)共25架次飞行中的生理参数,分析心率及呼吸频率的变化. 结果 ①2批次飞行员 高原驻训期间,飞行前心率高于原驻地飞行前心率(t=5.447、3.269,P＜0.05).②飞行员不同阶段和课目的心率差异有统计学意义(F=9.831～204.906,P＜0.01)；4个课目飞行准备、滑行起飞、近进和着陆阶段的心率均显著高于平飞阶段(P＜0.01)；除安静状态外,高原首次试飞各阶段心率显著高于其他课目(P＜0.01).③不同课目、不同飞行阶段的呼吸频率差异有统计学意义(F=1.971～～140.035,P＜0.01)；空战、夜航、高原首次试飞着陆滑行阶段呼吸频率较高(P＜0.01)；高原首次试飞各飞行阶段呼吸频率明显高于其他课目(P＜0.05或0.01).④飞行员着陆后使用备用氧,心率明显降低,平均心率降幅为(15.89±6.37)次/min(t=5.580,P＜0.01). 结论 飞行员高原飞行时,生理负荷和飞行劳动负荷较在平原飞行时明显增大.建议飞行员在飞机着陆后不摘除面罩,启用机载备用氧,有助于降低缺氧所致心肺负荷增加.Objective To investigate the effects of plateau flight on physiological parameters and flight workload of high performance fighter pilots.Methods Thirteen healthy male highperformance fighter pilots entered plateau in 2 batches,8 pilots stationed for 3 months and the others stationed for 1 week.Pilots' heart rate was tested before flight and compared with the referenced value that previously tested at normal altitude level.Pilots＇ physiological parameters were detected for 25 sorties that covered 4 flight conditions (patrol,air combat,night flight,virgin flight on plateau).The changes of heart rate and respiratory rate were analyzed.Results ① Pilots' heart rate detected before flight was significant higher than the referenced value (t=5.447,3.269,P＜0.05).②Heart rate significantly varied in different flight phases and among different flight conditions (F=9.831-204.906,P＜0.01).Pilots' heart rate in preparation,taxiing and taking-off,approaching and landing phases was significant higher than that in level flying phase (P＜0.01).Condition 4 (virgin flight on plateau) caused higher heart rate than that in other flight conditions in all phases except in quiet (P＜0.01).③There was significant difference on respiratory rate in different flight phases and conditions (F=1.971-140.035,P＜0.01).Pilots＇ respiratory rate in the landing of condition 2,3 and 4 was much higher than that in condition 1.Pilots' respiratory rate in all phases of flight condition 4 was the highest (P＜0.05 or 0.01).④Pilots' heart rate significantly reduced when backup oxygen supplied in landing and the mean decrease was (15.89±6.37) beat/min (t=5.580,P＜0.01).Conclusions For the pilots stationed on plateau the physiological and flight workloads are much higher than theirs on plain.It is recommended that keeping pilots mask wearing and backup oxygen supply in landing would be beneficial to reduce the cardio-pulmonary loads caused by hypoxia.

关 键 词：高海拔 心率 呼吸 缺氧 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]