外军飞行人员夜视训练发展  

Night vision training in foreign air forces

作　　者：吴铨[1] 周晴霖[1] 秦志峰[1] 郑媛憬 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2013年第4期299-306,共8页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 夜视装备研发并应用于战场环境已经有几十年的历史,其应用领域也扩展到飞行任务中.随之而来的是夜视装备或夜视镜相关的飞行事故,如空间定向障碍事故,因飞行人员色觉和视野受到限制而明显增加.与佩戴夜视镜相关的夜视训练应运而生,并在战争冲突中发挥效能.北约国家已经建立夜视训练体系,并按标准化协议执行.文章在回顾夜视装备及其训练发展的基础上介绍了夜视训练体系,并为我国建立夜视训练体系提出建议. 资料来源与选择 有关夜视和夜视装备训练的研究论文、综述、研讨会报告和机构报告. 资料引用 国外相关文献30篇. 资料综合 北约国家的夜视训练面向固定翼和旋翼飞机的飞行人员,并按照标准化协议实施初训、复训的训练制度.课堂学习和实践构成训练的基本模式,模拟器训练和飞行训练则是训练的高级形式,更贴近实际飞行任务.战斗机飞行员的夜视训练也在局部战争冲突中得以显现,并形成系统化的训练方法.训练使佩戴夜视镜的飞行员在战斗飞行中,如对地攻击中,能够保持足够的观察能力.夜视训练不仅以保持飞行人员的视觉能力和飞行安全为目的,而且需要达到提高作战效能和完成任务的最终目标.所以,综合训练或面向任务训练成为夜视训练的发展方向. 结论 国外空中武装力量已经建立起系统化的夜视地面和飞行训练制度,并且在实践应用和作战中展现出显著的效果.夜视训练需要融入制度化、系统化的航空医学训练体系,而且在有更高飞行需求时,对飞行人员选拔和鉴定发挥良好作用.训练品质还依赖于训练研究的发展和专业人员的参与.Objective Night vision device has been developed and exerted its effects at battle field for decades.And its application also extended to flight mission.Consequently,night vision device related accident,such as spatial disorientation accident,becomes serious due to the constraints either on human＇s chromatic vision and vision field.Night vision training or night vision goggle training emerges as the times require,and has applied in war conflicts.Countries of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have established night vision training system and the execution is along with the standardization agreement.The night vision training system is introduced in the review upon the retrospect of night vision device and training history.Suggestions are raised as the references of building night vision training system in China.Literature resource and selection Research papers,reviews,workshop/meeting presentations and organization reports in the subjects regarding night vision/night vision device development and training.Literature quotation Thirty puhlished research articles,reports,reviews,and compilations.Literature synthesis The night vision training in NATO countries covers the flying personnel of fixed and rotary wing aircrafts.The initial and refresh training cycle is applying in accordance with the standardization agreement.The classroom education and practice compose the mode of training,and simulator based practice and actual flving tush the training towards to an advanced level-closer to the real mission.Fighte r pilot's night vision training had been effective in regional war conflicts and has become to systemic training approach.It would enable the pilot with night vision goggle maintaining effective observation in combat,such as air-toground attack.The night vision training will not only aim at keeping pilot's visual ability and safety but also at the efficiency and success of mission.So the comprehensive or mission orientated training leads the trend of night vision training in future.Conclusions Foreign a

关 键 词：体育和训练 夜视训练 夜视镜 综述文献 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]