句法分析:从美国结构主义学派到转換生成语法学派  

Approaches to syntax from structuralists to generativists

作　　者：陈平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》1988年第4期2-13,80,共13页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：现代语言学思想萌生于语音研究和音系研究,句法分析在早期不受重视。美国“布龙菲尔德之后学派”将句法分析继音位分析和语素分析之后正式纳入研究范围,提出了基本原则和描写方法,其中以Harris的工作最为显著。以Chomsky为代表的转换生成语法学派将句法分析在语言学研究中的地位提升到前所未有的高度,重新设定了分析对象,明确了分析目的,创建了新的表现手段。本文回顾了句法分析的这段历程,对美国结构主义学派和转换生成语法学派有关句法分析的理论、工具、手段,作了分析和评价,并追溯两者的渊源。Syntax stands outside lanue in the framework initiated by Saussure. It did not receive due attention from Bloomfield whose chief interest was phonology and morphology. The post-Bloomfieldians did include syntax in their linguistic analysis, from whom Chomsky took over and pushed syntactic analysis to the fore. The author argues that Chomsky is a great borrower as he is an inventive synthesizer, taking from the ancients the idea of man's linguistic creativity, from Harris the idea of transformation, and the theory of a generative model from mathematics. The paper attempts to tell the exciting story of linguistics since Saussure, a story of invention, tradition, revolt, and continuity.

关 键 词：结构主义学派 句法结构 句法分析 句子 语言学理论 转换生成语法学 语言学家 BLOOM 理论模式 语义 

分 类 号：H3[语言文字]