试论二里头文化的源流  

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF ERLITOU CULTURE

作　　者：赵芝荃[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古学报》1986年第1期1-19,共19页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：二里头文化的发现与研究,是新中国考古学的一项重要收获,它已成为当前探讨夏文化和研究商代早期文化的基本资料。认真分析它的源流等问题,是研究二里头文化的首要任务。二里头文化是1953年最先在河南省登封县玉村发现的,以后在郑州洛达庙、洛阳东干沟、偃师二里头、新乡潞王坟、商丘坞墙和淅川下王岗等遗址都有发现,引起了学术界的极大兴趣和关注。截止目前,已发现的二里头文化遗址不仅分布于河南全省,而且在山西。The Erlitou culture was found distributed in central China and succeeding the Henan Longshan Culture, with its remains brought to light wherever the remains of the latter was uncovered. The complex recently discovered at Xinzhai Village in Mixian County, Henan Province shows strong features of the Henan Longshan Culture. It represents transition from the late stage of the latter to the early stage of the Brlitou Culture. There are strong similarities among these three stages in the structure of houses, tools of production, articles for daily use, funeral customs and religious beliefs, especially in the shapes, types, decorations and methods of making of pottery, the continuity of development in these aspects is very marked, convincing us that the Erlitou Culture was developed from the Henan Longshan Culture. Radiocarbon date (calibrated) of the late stage of the Henan Longshan Culture is 2300—2000 B.C. The Erlitou Culture may be divided into five periods. Its radiocarbon date (also calibrated) is 2000—1500 B.C., lasting for 500 years. The Xinzhai period served a transition between the Henan Longshan Culture and the Brlitou Culture. The Ⅰ—Ⅳ horizons of the Erlitou site represent respectively the forming, developing, flourishing and declining stages of the Erlitou Culture, which got some new cultural elements in the Ⅳ stage, and finally developed into the Erligang culture. Radiocarbon dating indicates that both the fourth period of the Brlitou culture and the Erligang culture should have entered into the chronological frame of the Shang Dynasty, while the late period of the Henan Longshan Culture and the Ⅰ—Ⅲ periods of the Erlitou Culture that of the Xia Dynasty.

关 键 词：二里头一期 二里头文化 龙山文化 二里冈 河南 早期文化 晚期 陶器 早商文化 夏文化 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]