介词“于”在甲骨文和汉藏语里的起源  

The source of the preposition yu in Oracle Bone inscriptions and in Sino-Tibetan

作　　者：梅祖麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]美国康奈尔大学亚洲研究学系

出　　处：《中国语文》2004年第4期323-332,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文(1)引征龚煌城(1990,2002)的研究成果来说明甲骨文的动词"于"(往也)在藏缅语里有同源词,所以上古汉语的动词"于"是共同汉藏语传下来的。(2)说明甲骨文的"往于敦"、"步于敦"等结构,原来是连动式"动_1 动_2 宾",后来由于"于"的语法化,就变成"动介宾"。(3)过去有些学者认为"往于敦"、"步于敦"等结构是"动介宾",也有些学者认为"往于敦"、"步于敦"等是"动_1 动_2 宾"。本文认为两种说法都对,并且指出这是语法化理论所说的层次重叠(layering):"往于敦"、"步于敦"等同时具有"动_1 动_2 宾"和"动介宾"两种结构。This paper shouws that(1)the locative preposition yu in the Oracle Bone inscriptions came about through the grammaticalization of the verb yu(to go to).(2)The verbal phrase wang yu shang is both serial verb construction and'verb + prepositional phrase'construction,and thusillustrates the phenomenon of layering in grammaticalization theory.The verb yu gwrjag(to go to)is cognate to Written Tibetan‘gro’(to walk,to go)and Written Burmese krwa(to proceed,whether going or coming),and is therefore inherited from Sino-Tibetan.

关 键 词：“于” 介词 甲骨文 汉藏语 语法化理论 语源学 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] H21