黑河上游土地利用动态变化及影响因素的定量分析  

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Change of Land Use and Its Influencing Factors in Upper Reaches of the Heihe River

作　　者：安美玲[1] 张勃[1] 孙力炜[1] 张调风[1] 杨波[1] 王东[1] 张春玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第2期355-363,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40961038);生态经济学省级重点学科(5001-021);西北师范大学知识与科技创新工程项目(NWNU-KJCXGC-03-66)资助

摘　　要：由于特殊的自然地理属性和人类活动方式,西北干旱区黑河上游的土地利用方式有别于中下游地区,土地利用格局演变过程对全流域水资源和生态环境的影响巨大.以黑河上游为研究对象,以1987年,1999年和2010年的遥感影像为基础数据,运用转移矩阵法和主成分分析等方法定量分析了林地、草地、耕地3种主要土地利用类型的动态变化过程,揭示了其变化的动力机制.结果表明:1)黑河上游土地利用变化阶段明显,林地、草地和耕地3种土地利用类型在1987-1999年和1999-2010年两个阶段转化显著,林地持续减少,草地先减少后增加,耕地持续增加;2)单一土地类型分布格局差异大,林地呈东多西少,北多南少的分布格局;草地呈东多西少,南多北少格局;耕地集中分布于河谷和城镇居民点周围及山前地带;3)人为因素是影响黑河上游土地利用动态变化的关键因素.Because of the particular natural characteristics and human activities,the way of land use in the upper reaches of the Heihe River,located in arid region of Northwest China,is different from that in the middle and lower reaches of the river.The variation processes of the land use structure in the upper reaches have an important affect on water resources and eco-environment of the whole watershed.In this paper,the upper reaches are taken as research object.Three sets of Landsat Satellite images over the study area in 1987,1999 and 2010 were selected to be basic data.Transfer matrix and principal component analysis were employed to analyze quantitatively the process of dynamic change of the woodland,grassland and cultivated land in the study area.Then the dynamic mechanism of the land use in the area was revealed.The following conclusion can be drawn: 1) The land use change has evident periodicity: in the stage of 1987-1999 cultivated land increasing with woodland and grassland decreasing,but in the stage of 1999-2010 grassland increasing and woodland decreasing with cultivated land increasing;2) The spatial pattern of a land use type has great difference: woodland is in east more than in west,and in north more than in south;grassland is in east more than in west and in south more than in north,but cultivated land mainly concentrates along the river valleys and around the urban settlements even near the piedmonts;3) Human activity is the key influencing factor to the dynamic change in land use.

关 键 词：土地利用 黑河上游 动态变化 影响因素 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]