积雪水文模拟中的关键问题及其研究进展  

Key Research Topics and Their Advances on Modeling Snow Hydrological Processes

作　　者：李弘毅[1] 王建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第2期430-437,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951403);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41001240);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才基金项目(51Y084901)资助

摘　　要：针对近年来积雪水文模拟研究的发展趋势,在简要评述积雪模拟基本方法的基础上,分别就各类方法的不同着眼点展开讨论,从模拟方案的简繁、积雪面积等重要状态变量在模型中如何体现等角度进行了叙述.针对我国青藏高原积雪特征,提炼出现阶段空间分布式积雪水文模拟中的3个关键问题:网格尺度积雪空间异质性的模拟、风吹雪的空间参数化、季节性冻土下垫面的融雪模拟.分别就这些问题,回溯了国内外最新研究进展,强调了发展积雪衰减曲线在网格尺度积雪模拟中的重要性,讨论了山区环境中具有操作性的风吹雪空间参数化方案,分析了冻土下垫面融雪研究存在的一些具体问题.Recent researches of snow hydrology are reviewed in this paper.After briefly describing the basic methods in snowmelt simulation,the key points of different methods are discussed.The discussion focuses on the details of simulation algorithms and how snow variables,such as snow cover area,are used in different models.Considering the snow distribution features in the Tibet Plateau,three main research topics are put foreword: simulation of heterogeneous snow at subgrid scale,parameterization of blowing snow simulation and snowmelt simulation on seasonal frozen soil.Latest researches in the three topics are reviewed in detailed separately.The importance of developing suitable algorithms of snow cover depletion in subgrid snowmelt simulation is emphasized.The parameterization of spatial blowing snow simulation under mountainous condition is discussed.Problems in snowmelt simulation on seasonal frozen soil are analyzed.

关 键 词：融雪模拟 积雪衰减曲线 风吹雪 冻土下垫面融雪 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]