GRAPES NOAH-LSM陆面模式水文过程的改进及试验研究  

Improvement and Experiment of Hydrological Process on GRAPES NOAH-LSM Land Surface Model

作　　者：王莉莉[1] 陈德辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《大气科学》2013年第6期1179-1186,共8页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目41105068;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2013CB430106

摘　　要：土壤含水量的计算影响着陆面过程的能量平衡和水量平衡,是陆面模式的核心计算要素之一。目前,GRAPES_Meso模式采用的NOAH-LSM(Noah-Land Surface Model)陆面模式既不能有效地表达径流产源面积的变动情况,也不能完整描述水文循环过程。本次试验针对以上问题对其进行了改进:(1)加入蓄水容量曲线,考虑网格内产流面积的变化及土壤含水量的不均匀性;(2)加入汇流模式,以考虑水平二维水分再分配,提高模式对径流和流量模拟能力。选取2008年8月至9月降水进行模拟试验,研究陆面水循环过程对近地面气象要素的影响。结果表明:改进后的模式模拟土壤湿度、2 m温度等近地面气象要素更接近观测值,并最终对降水量以及降水落区也产生了一定的影响。Calculation of soil moisture affects the energy and water balances of landing surface models and is therefore key for core calculation of such models. The Noah land surface model(NOAH-LSM) is used by the Global–Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) to simulate soil water content. However, because this model cannot effectively express changes in runoff yield area, it does not provide a complete description of the hydrological cycle. This study offers improvements for the hydrological profile of GRAPES that include adding repletion of storage, which considers the change in runoff yield within the grid area for more accurate simulation of runoff in each grid, and combining flow concentration values for considering the redistribution of soil moisture in a two-dimensional level to improve the simulation accuracy of the surface runoff. Simulations were conducted to study feedback of the land surface water cycle in the atmosphere from August to September 2009. Results indicate that the meteorological elements simulated by the improved model in the surface layer influenced by land surface water cycle processes such as soil moisture and temperature are closer to the observed values. Therefore, these improvements have a definite impact on the regional precipitation.

关 键 词：GRAPES_Meso模式 NOAH-LSM(Noah-Land Surface Model) 蓄水容量曲线 Muskingum方法 双向反馈 

分 类 号：P334[天文地球—水文科学] P339[水利工程—水文学及水资源]