葫芦科植物嫁接罗汉果的综合效应研究  

Study on Comprehensive Effect of Grafting Siraitia grosvenorii on Cucurbitaceae Plants

作　　者：薛进军[1,2] 秦忠明[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学农学院,河北邯郸056021 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2013年第4期854-860,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071766)

摘　　要：采用葫芦科植物栝楼、葫芦、木鳖作为砧木嫁接罗汉果,以罗汉果本砧和组培苗作为对照,探讨了不同砧穗组合对罗汉果生长与结果等方面的综合效应。结果表明,葫芦科植物科内嫁接罗汉果具有良好的亲和性;用葫芦做砧木的罗汉果嫁接植株与罗汉果本砧相比,具有结果多、产量高、品质好、抗根结线虫能力较强的特点,而且嫁接操作比较容易;木鳖根系强大,抗根结线虫能力强,嫁接罗汉果成活率最高,植株生长旺盛,但是嫁接植株没有开花,可以考虑做基砧用;栝楼种子发芽比较困难,通过变温催芽处理(25℃/12 h、35℃/12 h)可提高发芽率,做砧木嫁接罗汉果亲和性一般,坐果率高,高抗根结线虫,但产量和品质不如葫芦砧和罗汉果组培苗,可以作为备选砧木考虑;罗汉果本砧和组培苗易发生根结线虫病,但是组培苗的果实产量和品质较好。在嫁接方法选择上,劈接法嫁接的成活率高于顶插法,而且在株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶片大小等幼苗生长能力方面都显著高于顶插法;在嫁接苗的管理上,于园土中加入20%蚯蚓粪的混合基质能显著促进罗汉果嫁接苗的生长。Cucurbitaceae plants including Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) Standl.,Momordica cochinchinensis(Lour.)Spreng.were used as grafting rootstock of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle) C.Jeffrey ex Lu et Z.Y.Zhang,taking S.grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings and S.grosvenorii raw plant as rootstock as control to explore the comprehensive effects of different combinations of scion on the growth and fruiting of S.grosvenorii.Results showed that the Cucurbitaceae plants and S.grosvenorii had good grafting compatibility.Compared to S.grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings and S.grosvenorii raw plant as rootstock,using L.siceraria as rootstock,the S.grosvenorii was with more fruits,high yield,good quality,strong Meloidogyne resistance;and the grafting could be easily operated with relatively high survival rate.M.cochinchinensis rooted powerfully and was with Meloidogyne resistance,thus the survival rate was the highest when it was used as the rootstock;and plant growth was exuberant;however,the grafted plants could not flower,thus it should be considered as base rootstock.Seed germination of T.kirilowii was difficult,through variable-temperature pregermination treatment(day 25 ℃/12 h,35 ℃/12 h) could increase germination rate.Using T.kirilowii as rootstoct,the affinity was normal,while fruit setting rate and resistance to Meloidogyne was high;but the yield and quality was worse than using L.siceraria as rootstock or S.grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings,thus could be considered as alternative rootstock.S.grosvenorii tissue culture seedling and S.grosvenorii itself as rootstock was susceptible to Meloidogyne,but fruit yield and quality of tissue culture seedlings was better.For the grafting method,survival rate of cleft graft was higher than the top plug method,while plant height,stem diameter,number of blades and blade size,seedling growth capacity was also significantly higher than those of the top plug method.As for management of grafting seedling,adding mixing matrix with 20% vermicompost in gar

关 键 词：罗汉果 葫芦科 砧木 嫁接 综合效应 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]