预处理秸秆对土壤蒸发及秸秆分解率的影响  

Effects of pretreated straws on soil evaporation and straw decomposition rate

作　　者：王增丽[1,2] 王珍[1] 冯浩[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]甘肃省武威市水利技术综合服务中心,甘肃武威733000 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2013年第9期816-821,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2011AA100503);教育部;国家外专局"111"计划项目(B12007)

摘　　要：通过室内土柱模拟培养试验,对比研究了秸秆粉碎、氨化及与无机土壤改良剂混合配施后对土壤蒸发特性及秸秆分解速率的影响.结果表明:秸秆施入土壤后明显提高了土壤的累积蒸发量,粉碎氨化秸秆具有降低累积蒸发量的作用,其与无机土壤改良剂混合配施后,降低土壤蒸发强度作用显著,提高了土壤的耐旱性.长秸秆和粉碎秸秆单独施入土壤后明显提高了土壤的蒸发失水比,粉碎氨化秸秆能持续降低土壤的蒸发失水比,当其与土壤改良剂混合后抑制土壤无效蒸发作用周期延长.秸秆施入土壤后的分解高峰主要发生在30 d内.短期内秸秆粉碎程度对其分解速率作用不明显,粉碎氨化秸秆提高秸秆分解率效果显著.土壤耗水特征各指标累积蒸发量E c、蒸发速率a·b、蒸发失水比pwl各指标之间相关关系具有统计学意义,能较好地表征土壤蒸发特性.Effects of the pulverized and ammoniated straw on soil evaporation and decomposition rate of straw were investigated comparatively through indoor soil column experiments. The results showed that after straws was applied in soil,its cumulative evaporation was raised in great deal,but the powdered and ammoniated straws could decrease the evaporation considerably. Additionally,if they were mixed with other inorganic soil amendments and applied in soil,an even significant reduction in the evaporation could be achieved and soil drought tolerance was improved. When the long or powdered straws were applied in soil alone,the percentage of water loss( p wl) by evaporation was increased substantially. The pulverized and ammoniated straws could reduce p wl. Interestingly,once they were blended with inorganic soil conditioner and fertilized,the time period without soil evaporation was extended. The decomposition climax of straw mainly occurred in 30 days. In short term the length of straws had a little effect on decomposition rate; the pulverized and ammoniated straws increased the rate remarkably.There are significantly correlations between the evaporation indices,such as cumulative evaporation,rate of evaporation,pwl,so that they can better characterize soil evaporation feature.

关 键 词：秸秆 粉碎 氨化 累积蒸发量 蒸发失水比 秸秆分解率 

分 类 号：TH[机械工程]