灌水下限对甜瓜生长及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of different drip irrigation threshold on water use and biomass of melon in solar greenhouse

作　　者：牛勇[1,2] 刘洪禄[3,4] 吴文勇[3,4] 张宝龙 王克武 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京市水利科学研究所,北京100044 [4]北京市非常规水资源开发利用与节水工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [5]北京市昌平水务局,北京102200 [6]北京市植物保护站,北京100029

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2013年第10期901-906,913,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD25B02);北京市重大科技攻关项目(Z111100056811035;D0706007040191)

摘　　要：为指导华北地区设施甜瓜节水高效生产,以日光温室甜瓜为试材,控制灌水下限分别为田间持水量的90%(T1),75%(T2)和60%(T3),研究了膜下滴灌条件下不同灌水下限对甜瓜生长指标、水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:相对较低的土壤含水量促进根系发育、分生,有利于甜瓜叶面积、茎粗的增加,但株高对灌水下限的响应不明显(P=0.1).75%田间持水量灌水下限有利于提高甜瓜产量和品质.甜瓜根系主要水平分布在以植株为中心20 cm的范围内,垂向主要分布于0~40 cm土层内.各处理的水分利用效率从大到小依次为T3,T1,T2.制订了甜瓜高效灌溉制度,各主要生育期作物系数分别为1.81,1.61,2.21,2.19.In order to explore appropriate irrigation mode of melon,effect of drip irrigation with different irrigation threshold on water utilization and biomass of melon in greenhouse were investigated. The low irrigation threshold was designed based on the proportion of irrigating substrate moisture content with the substrate feild capacity( FC),and treatments including 90% of FC( T1),75% of FC( T2)and 60% of FC( T3). Results show that the lower irrigation threshold is good at increasing leaf area and stem diameter,but the plant height is not sensitive with it. The yield of T2 is the highest followed by T3 and T1. The root is distributed in a circle with a radius of 20 cm in the horizontal direction,and is distributed in the depth of 40 cm in the vertical direction. The water use efficiency( WUE) of T3 is the highest followed by T1 and T2. The highly efficient irrigation schedule is made with the value of crop factor( K c) in different periods are 1. 81,1. 61,2. 21 and 2. 19.

关 键 词：甜瓜 灌溉制度 水分利用效率 滴灌 根系 

分 类 号：TH[机械工程]