Habitat utilization and resource partitioning of wintering Hooded Cranes and three goose species at Shengjin Lake  

升金湖越冬白头鹤与3种雁的生境利用和资源分割(英文)

作　　者：赵凤婷[1] 周立志[1] 徐文彬[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区,东至247200

出　　处：《Chinese Birds》2013年第4期281-290,共10页中国鸟类（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31172117);the Graduate Student Innovation Research Projects of Anhui University(Grant No.yqh100118);the Anhui Academic and Technical Leader Fund

摘　　要：The loss and degradation of wetlands have adversely affected waterbirds, which depend on wetland habitats. Interspecific competition has an important effect on habitat utilization of wintering waterbirds. Resource utilization, including partitioning, in degraded wetlands has become a hot issue in ecological studies of wintering waterbirds. In order to have an insight into the habitat utilization and resource partitioning between a Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) population and the guild of three goose species, i.e., Anser fabalis, A. albifrons and A. erythropus wintering in lake wetlands, we carried out a study at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve from November 2011 to April 2012. We surveyed the Hooded Cranes and goose guild foraging in various habitats during the wintering periods with a combined method of fixed route searching and fixed site observations. Resource partitioning was studied by means of calculating habitat utilization rates and the width and overlap of spatial niches. The results showed that the habitat utilization rate and the width of spatial niches of the Hooded Crane population and goose guild shifted with the season. The habitat utilization rates of the cranes in grasslands were high at all three wintering stages. The habitat utilization rates were 0.454, 0.435 and 0.959 respectively for the Hooded Cranes and 0.627, 0.491 and 0.616 for the goose guild. This suggests that the overlap in grasslands was higher between cranes and goose guild. Most habitats were accessible at the middle stage, so the width of the spatial niche of the cranes(1.099) and goose guild(1.133) both reached their peak at this stage. The greatest niche overlap was 0.914 for these two groups at the late stage, followed by 0.906 at the middle stage and the smallest was 0.854 at the early stage. Ecological response to the changes in habitats of wintering waterbirds was clearly shown in the dynamic variations of the niche of both the Hooded Cranes and the three goose species. Coexistence among waterbirds was achieved by regula湿地丧失与退化已经严重影响了依赖湿地生存的水鸟。种间竞争对越冬水鸟的生境利用产生重要影响。越冬期集群水鸟的资源利用和分割已经成为水鸟生态学研究的热点问题。2011年11月至2012年4月在升金湖国家级自然保护区,对白头鹤(Grus monacha)及与其在同一区域越冬的豆雁(Anser fabalis)、白额雁(A.albifrons)、小白额雁(A.erythropus)雁群的生境利用和资源分割进行了研究。采用固定路线寻查和定点观察相结合的方法调查觅食白头鹤与雁群在不同时期各种生境中出现的数量,记录生境特征,计算生境利用率、空间生态位宽度和重叠研究资源分割。结果表明,随着越冬时间的推移,白头鹤种群与雁类集团对各种生境的利用程度和空间生态位宽度随之发生相应变化。3个越冬阶段白头鹤与雁群对草滩生境的利用率均较高,白头鹤对草滩生境利用率分别是0.454,0.435,0.959,雁群对草滩生境利用率分别是0.627,0.491,0.616,说明草滩生境是二者重叠最大的越冬资源。白头鹤与雁群的空间生态位宽度均在越冬中期最高,分别是1.099和1.133,表明中期可获得的生境最多。二者间的空间生态位重叠在越冬后期最大为0.914,中期次之0.906,前期重叠值则最小,为0.854。白头鹤和雁群生态位的动态变化体现水鸟对环境变化的生态响应,水鸟之间通过调整生态位宽度来缓解种间竞争,从而达到共存。

关 键 词：habitat utilization NICHE wintering ecology Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) goose guild 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]