论理性主义公共政策分析的局限性  

On the Limitation of Rationalist Analysis of Public Policy

作　　者：张国庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学政治学与行政管理学系

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》1997年第4期66-75,159,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：用理性化的观点和方法看待、分析和解决问题，是现代公共政策分析的主要特征之一。但过分强调理性主义政策分析理念的合理性、分析方法的可靠性，在制定和实施公共政策的实践中亦造成了相当的误区、困境和消极后果，以致于出现了政策理论与政策实践相脱离的现象。理性主义公共政策分析的局限性主要来自：政策制定者和政策分析者的局限性，政策分析方法的局限性，政策分析条件的局限性。理性主义公共政策分析的理念和方法从一开始就引起了诸如渐进主义政策理论和有限理性政策理论等的批评和修正。理性主义公共政策分析的最大误区集中于它对主、客观条件的理想化的要求上。事实上，诸如知识的广博性、动机的纯正性、价值标准的中立性、数据（资料）的完整性、分析模型的真实性、政策方案的周全性、未来预测的准确性等项理性主义公共政策分析的要求，都不是现实人类的知识和能力所能实现的。所以，理性主义的公共政策分析不应当亦不可能是实际公共政策分析的唯一理念和唯一工具。A major characteristic of modern analysis of public policy is the adoption of rationalist views and methods in the observation, analysis and solution of various problems. Yet overemphasizing the rationality of rationalist ideas of policy analysis and the reliability of methods of analysis could lead to certain fallacies, predicaments and negative effects in the drafting and implementation of public policy. And this could also lead to the divorce of policy theory from policy practice. The limitation of rationalist analysis of public policy results mainly from the limitation of policy makers and policy analysis, the limitation of methods of policy analysis, and the limitation of the conditions under which analysis is made. The ideas and methods of rationalist analysis of public policy have been criticized and revised by gradualistic policy theory and finitetheory policy theory from the very beginning. The biggest fallacy of rationalist analysis of public policy lies in its requirement for idealized subjective and objective conditions. The way out for future analysis of public policy is the reasonable employment of rational and trans rational ideas and instruments.

关 键 词：理性主义 公共政策分析 局限性 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理]