关于环壕聚落的几个问题  

Several Problems Concerning the Moated Settement

作　　者：钱耀鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文博学院 讲师

出　　处：《文物》1997年第8期57-65,共9页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：作为一种聚落形态,环壕聚落较早就引起了日本考古学界的关注,其相关的发现最早似可追溯到20世纪50年代以前。这类遗存在我国的发现时间也不为晚,始于50年代西安半坡遗址的发掘。但长期以来,同类遗存在田野考古工作中被发现并得以确认者却寥寥无几。自80年代中期以后,随着这类聚落遗址在各地不断发现,才日渐引起了人们的注意。同时,因“环壕聚落”The moated settlement is defined as a site of settlement having a moat surrounding its living area. Based on the hitherto discoveries, the author divides the moated settlements inside China into three types: the single-moat Xinglongwa-Jiangzhai type, the single-moat Bayinchanghan-Xitai type and the double-moat Banpo type. The first one is distinguished by its encirclement of the whole living area by one moat;the second by its combination of two encirclements into one whole settlement; the third by an inner and an outer encirclements with house foundations found both within the inner and between the inner and outer encirclements. A settlement provides an insight into the prehistoric social life. The second type may tell us about how two human groups by cohabiting the same place merged themelves into initial unity. The first type with its clearly grouped building foundations suggests the presence of several rather independent non-hierarchical groups probably united incipiently with each other. The last type indicates the stratification within the same group.

关 键 词：环壕聚落 中心聚落 居住区 聚落形态 文化遗址 防御设施 兴隆洼文化 防御性 防御功能 半坡遗址 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]