水稻不同生育阶段营养条件与抽穗期的关系  

The Relationship between the Nutritional Conditions in Different Growing Periods and Heading Date in Rice

作　　者：田大成[1] 雷龙坤 兰廷明 秦春林 赵小刚 周天牧[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学与技术系,江苏南京210093 [2]垫江县种子公司,重庆垫江408300 [3]大竹县种子公司,四川大竹635100 [4]石柱县种子公司,重庆石柱409100 [5]苍溪县种子公司,四川苍溪628400

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2004年第4期59-65,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家 98 5项目资助 ( 0 2 0 80 0 42 0 5 )

摘　　要：通过 2a多点试验 ,研究了秧苗生长状态、本田营养条件 (密度、肥料 )及不同生育阶段营养条件变化对水稻抽穗期的影响。结果表明 ,移栽密度较大 ,或施肥较足 ,或秧苗生长状态较好 ,均能提早抽穗 ,其效应大小取决于营养环境的变化程度 ,秧苗期比本田期的效应更大。不同生育阶段营养条件的变化对抽穗期的影响不同 ,叶龄指数 45 %左右是水稻生长发育的一个转折期 ,在此之前抽穗期对营养条件的反应更敏感 ,且促进生长与促进发育一致 ,此后则对营养的敏感性降低 ,且促进生长不一定能促进发育 ,有时反而推迟发育。认为将感营养性 (受营养生态影响而改变发育速度的特性 )与感温性、感光性、基本营养生长期并列 (“三性一期”)描述水稻的生育特性更为合理 ,制种中更应重视亲本的感营养性。The effects of seedling growing status, nutritional conditions in main field (planting density and fertilization) and the changes of nutritional conditions in different growing periods on heading date of rice were studied at several locations over two years. The results showed that closer transplanting density, more sufficient fertilization and better seedling quality resulted in an earlier heading date with their effect determined by the degree of change in nutritional environments. The effect from seedling beds was greater than that from main fields. The change in nutritional conditions in different growing periods had a marked effect on heading date. The stage when the leafing index was about 45% was a turning point in the growth and development of rice. Before this stage, heading date was more sensitive to the change of nutritional conditions, and the enhancement of vegetative growth was consistent with that of reproductive development, while after this stage, heading date was not so sensitive to the change of nutritional conditions, and enhancement of vegetative growth was not always consistent with that of reproductive development, sometimes, it even delayed the development. It was thought that, to relate the growth and developmental characteristics of rice, it would be more reasonable to use sensitivity for nutrition (a characteristic that the growth and development is affected by nutritional conditions), sensitivity for temperature, sensitivity for daylength and basic vegetative period (Three sensitivities and one period). Especially, the sensitivity for nutrition of the parents should be emphasized in hybrid rice seed production.

关 键 词：水稻 生育阶段 营养条件 感营养性 抽穗期 杂交水稻制种 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311