论原工业化的解体  

From Proto-Industrialization to Industrialization

作　　者：杨豫[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》1991年第1期24-35,128,共13页World History

摘　　要：原工业化过程的普遍性 判断原工业化是否普遍存在的现象,首先需要明确的标准,那就是原工业化的基本特征。在欧洲的前工业社会中,很早就出现了传统的手工作坊。大多数作坊开设于市镇,例如裁缝、成衣匠、面包匠、屠宰匠、木匠、铜匠等等,约占市镇人口的1/4至1/3。他们拥有少量的生产资料,或独自开业,或雇佣一、两名帮工和几名学徒。From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, a new type of economicdevelopment emerged throughout Europe, which is termed as protoindustri-alization, characterized by rural family production for extra-regional marketand controlled by the merchant capital in towns. This paper, on the theoretical and empirical bases, aims to prove its universal spread in Europeand the necessity to lead to industrialization. The author emphases that va-riety of types of the break down of the proto-industrialization can explainthe reasons why some regions transformed to industrialization successfullyand the failure for others.

关 键 词：原工业化 工业化过程 前工业社会 基本特征 生产资料 手工作坊 普遍性 农村家庭工业 帮工 普遍存在 

分 类 号：K1[历史地理—历史学]