聚醋酸乙烯和聚乙烯醇在壁画修复中的应用研究  

Researches in the Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinyi Acetate on the Restoration of Mural Paintings

作　　者：李云鹤 李实 李铁朝 向晓梅 

出　　处：《敦煌研究》1990年第3期101-112,121-122,共14页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：一前言壁画粉层的起甲和地仗层的酥碱,是敦煌壁画最严重的两种病害。这两种病害发展到后期,将使粉层和地仗层完全脱落,造成壁画毁灭性破坏。据统计,莫高窟492个洞窟中,现有140多个洞窟较严重地存在着这种病害,受损面积2.030多平方米。占莫高窟壁画总面积的4.5%。因此,探讨研究治理这种病害的理想粘合剂材料和最佳工艺,始终是敦煌文物保护工作的重点课题之一。The paper studies the photostability and humidity-adaptability of two materials, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, which have been widely used in the restoration of Dunhuang mural paintings. Besides, it observes and measures the colour of the wall paintings in the area where polyvinyl acetate is applied. In the basis of fact, it researches the influence upon the colour of mural paintings when actually applied this material to restoration.Prepare polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetete in the state of dry membrane. Put them under a light source with different relative humidity containers to do aging test. After 24 days and 105 days, analysis the chemical structure of the samples with Infro-red spectrum apparatus. It is found that the structure of both materials are not changed. It is proved that both of the two materials have high photostability and high humidityadaptability. Measures the brightness and the chromaticity before restorated and after restorated with polyvinyl acetate. It is found that after restorated, both brightness and chromaticity of some colour, for example, the green colour, are not changed; but for some other colour, for example the blue colour, both brightness and chromaticity are increased; the colour of red+white are changed into red, that is the result of that white plaster are eclipsed by water in the polyvinyl acetate soloution.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇薄膜 聚醋酸乙烯乳液 聚醋酸乙烯乳胶 莫高窟壁画 应用研究 修复材料 红外光谱图 敦煌壁画 光催化 粘合剂 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]