英国都铎王朝前期的对外贸易和重商政策  

The British Foreign Trade and the Mercantilism in the Early Tudor Period

作　　者：陈曦文[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范学院历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》1990年第4期76-85,128,共11页World History

摘　　要：工业的进步和商业的发展,彼此有着极其密切的联系,而且互相影响。在工业革命以前,英国工业的发展处在手工生产阶段,技术的改进缓慢,加之交通不便,同时要受到已知市场需求的限制,因此它的发展是有限的。也就是说,工业生产必须适应商业的状况,受商业制约。是商业市场的扩大,从而引起新的需要,促使已有工业的发展和新的工业企业的产生;是商业发展推动工业,使工业有长足的进步。在16世纪期间。In the centuries before Industrial Revolution, English Foreign trade went through three waves of expansion, separated by periods of relative stagnation. The first one took place in the early Tudor period. To sell in bulk of the woollen cloth in European markets was its feature. The annual rate of growth was driven forward exceptionally rapidly. The basic reason which English Foreign trade became more prosperous was the policy of mercantilism in practice. As a result of it, firstly, great advances have been made in the internal economy of the late 16th century. Secondly, with the help of the customs laid upon the cloth exports Tudor monarchs could maintain a stable government. Thirdly, cloth exports provided a very powerful stimulus to the oversea expansion and expedition as well as the early colonization.

关 键 词：对外贸易 都铎王朝 英国 工业革命 都铎政府 商业发展 重商政策 商业市场 工业企业 市场需求 

分 类 号：K1[历史地理—历史学]