英国农业革命初探  

A Study of the Agricultural Revolution of England

作　　者：王章辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社科院世界历史所

出　　处：《世界历史》1990年第1期41-50,128,共11页World History

摘　　要：英国工业革命以前,农业是国民经济中的主要部门,农业人口占全国人口的绝大多数。农业从自给自足的状态发展到适应现代大工业发展需要的现代化农业,对工业化的进程、对社会经济结构和阶级结构都产生了深刻的影响。因此,深入研究农业革命的历史对正确理解英国近代社会经济和政治的发展具有十分重要的意义。The Agricultural Revolution was not simply a technological progress in husbandry, it included the transformation of a feudal landownership into a capitalistone and the transition of a traditional self-sufficient small farming to a modernscientific and 'high farming', to a commercial agriculture which could meetthe challanges of industrialization, urbanization and the growing population. The early enclosure movement and the secularization of monasterian landand the agrarian legislation during the bourgeois revolution and the parliamen-tary enclosure completed the transformation of landownership. Recounting technological changes in arable and animal husbandry, theauthor points out that the speed of a agricultural progress must not beoverstated. The Agricultural Revolution aud the Industrial Revolution were closelyrelated with each other. The modernization of agriculture promoted capitalformation, land supply, provision of food, raw materials and expansion ofmarket for industrial goods and thus the pross of industrialization was accelerated, and, in return, the Industrial Revolution greatly promoted themodernization of agriculture. In conclusion, the author analysis the main characteristics of tde Agri-cultural Revolution of England.

关 键 词：现代化农业 英国农业革命 农业人口 社会经济结构 阶级结构 工业革命 现代大工业 英国近代 主要部门 国民经济 

分 类 号：K1[历史地理—历史学]