试论“撒切尔主义”  

On"Thatcherism"

作　　者：储轩 

机构地区：[1]人民大学国政系

出　　处：《欧洲研究》1990年第3期7-12,63-64,共8页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：本文认真地研讨了撒切尔主义的实质和特点,指出它不是一套完整的思想理论,而是撒切尔夫人和保守党政府治理英国内政、外交的一种战略设想及其实际运用。它在采用"货币主义"思想、政策的同时,继承了保守主义的核心思想,其中心内容是"私有化政策"。保守党政府将私有化政策视为纲领,因其涉及到同工党进行政治斗争的长远战略。作者对"撒切尔主义"与保守主义进行了分析,认为前者不仅继承,而且在最大程度上推进了后者,其中最突出的表现就是"反对社会主义"。然而,"撒切尔主义"并未把保守主义全部继承下来,它不但抛弃了一些东西,而且有所发展。"民众资本主义"和政府通过对社会的干涉来实现经济的自由,便是撒切尔夫人的创造。"撒切尔主义"在治理英国经济方面确有成效,但它并不是治"英国病"的灵丹妙药,目前正面临着严峻的考验。至于"撒切尔主义"何时退出历史舞台,则取决于保守党内外情况的变化。The article,a serious study and discussionof the essence and features of Thatcherism,points out that Thatcherism isnot a complete theoretical system but a whole set of policies and its appli-cation in practice by which Mrs.Thatcher and the Conservative governmenthave handled the British internal and external affairs.The strategy hasadopted the idea and policy of'monetarism'at the same time carried on thecore ideas of conservatism with the policy of'privatization'as its majorcontent.The government has regarded the policy as its guiding principle,which relates to a long—term political cenception of the struggles against theLabour Party.After analysing both Thatcherism and conservatism,theauthor holds that the former not only inherits but also to a great extent pro-motes the latter with'anti-socialism'as its most salient expression.Thatcher-ism,however,does not carry forward all ideas of conservatism:having aban-doned some but developed some others.What Thatcher originates is the'peo- ple's capitalism'and the economic freedom gained by the government's inter-ference in the society.Thatcherism is very effective in tackling the Britisheconomy although it,facing severe tests now,is not a miraculous cure of the'British disease.'The internal change of the Conservative Party and existingstate of the Labour Party will decide when Thateherism steps down from thehistorical stage.

关 键 词：撒切尔主义 新保守主义 撒切尔政府 保守党政府 私有化政策 社会主义 英国经济 英国人 货币主义 工党 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] F15[政治法律—中外政治制度]