“撒切尔主义”与工党  

Thatcherism and the Labour Party

作　　者：林甦 

机构地区：[1]人民大学国政系

出　　处：《欧洲研究》1990年第3期19-24,64-65,共8页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：二战后,英国社会价值观念有了很大转变,一种新的价值观念逐渐取代了传统的自由主义观念,认为社会仅靠市场力量和自由竞争原则进行分配是不行的,政府应采取干预态度来维持社会的公正。在各政党中,工党一贯倡导"社会平等"和"公正",并首创了"福利国家",而保守党政府却从根本上反对社会主义,并把"福利国家"视为社会主义对英国的最大威胁,是英经济衰退的根源。尽管战后英国长期实行"共识政治",但保守党与工党一直在激烈斗争。本文从撒切尔政府重倡自由价值观、否定国有化政策、推行"大众资本主义"和遏制工会势力、削弱工党基础等方面出发,对此进行了剖析,并就80年代英政党斗争及影响提出了自己的看法。她认为英国可能会出现一种新的"共识政治"模式,即一种没有撒切尔的"撒切尔主义"。After World War Ⅱ,the valuesin the British society experienced a great evolution:a new idea graduallyreplacing the traditional liberial ideas.It argued that the distribution in the'society could not depend only on the power of market and the principle offree competition and therefore the attitude that the government should adoptwas to interfere in the respect in order to maintain the justice of the society.Among various political parties,the Labour Party had persistently abvocated'social equality' and 'fairness' and initiated'welfare state.'To the contrary,the conservative was fundamentally against socialism and regarded 'welfarestate' as the most serious threat to Britain as well as the major source ofits economic decline.Even though Britain has pursued'consensus politics'since the second world war,never has the fierce struggles between the Labourand Conservative parties stopped.The paper first anatomises the followingaspects:the Thatcher government advocating Liberal values,negalting the policy of nationalization,pushing ahead with the'people's capitalism,'containing the power of labour unions and eroding the foundation of theLabour Party.And then the author presents her own opinions about theparty struggles in Britain and their influence.She predicts that a new modeof 'consensus politics'may emerge in the country,i.e.,the Thatcherismwithout Thatcher.

关 键 词：撒切尔主义 民主社会主义 工党 福利国家 撒切尔政府 保守党政府 共识政治 国有化 资本主义 英国社会 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] F15[政治法律—中外政治制度]