论战后西欧阶级结构的变化  

On the Class Structural Changes in Western Europe in the Post War Era

作　　者：刘慧华[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际政治系

出　　处：《欧洲研究》1990年第2期1-8,63,共9页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：自20世纪以来,特别是二战结束以后,西欧的社会阶级结构发生了深刻变化。国家垄断资本主义的产生和发展,股份公司的大量涌现,以及各种社会公共部门的建立,造就了一个特殊的人数日益增加的雇佣劳动者集团,这就是国家机构的行政管理人员、公司企业的经理人员和各种专门职业者。这是战后西欧阶级结构发生的重要变化。在如何分析这个变化的问题上出现了许多不同的观点。本文以马克思主义阶级理论为指导,根据列宁的阶级定义,对此作了一番深入分析,认为他们是战后出现的新中间阶层,因为他们在生产过程中处于中间的、过渡的和矛盾的地位,经济、政治、文化等诸方面的特征使他们既有别于工人阶级,也不同于资产阶级。新中间阶层是西欧社会中间阶级的一个重要组成部分。Since the 20th century,especially after the Second World War,theSocial class structure in Western Europe has undergone fundamental changes.The Statemonoplied capitalism starts to grow and develop,together with thebirth of many share-holding companies and various social and publicadministrative institutions.This leads to the formation of an evergrowing numberof special,hired labourers,such as the executive workers in state governments,managerial clerks in companies and enterprises and other professionals.These are the main changes of class structure in the post-war Western Europe.Scholars studying this topic have different opinions on the question ofhow to interpret this phenomenon.Based on the Marxist theory of classstruggle and Lennin's definition of class,the writer concludes,after anindepth analysis of the question,that the above mentioned class of hiredlabourers are actually the New Middle Class born in the post-war era.Sincethey are born in a middle,transformatory and conflicting time,those peopleare in a position different from either the working class or the capitalistbecause they have a different economic,social and political characteristics,The New Middle Class is a major component of the West Europan society.

关 键 词：新中间阶层 白领工人 社会阶级结构 工人阶级 新中产阶级 专门职业 行政管理人员 重要组成部分 资产阶级 经理人员 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] F15[政治法律—中外政治制度]