梅雨锋上的三类暴雨  

Three Types of Heavy Rainstorms Associated with the Meiyu Front

作　　者：张小玲[1] 陶诗言[1] 张顺利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《大气科学》2004年第2期187-205,共19页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目第I部分G1 9980 40 90 3和第II部分G1 9980 40 90 8共同资助

摘　　要：根据观测分析研究 ,概括出长江流域梅雨锋上主要有三类暴雨 :梅雨锋上 β中尺度的对流性暴雨、梅雨锋东部 ( 1 1 5°E以东 )的初生气旋暴雨、梅雨锋西端深厚高空低压槽前部的持续性强暴雨。第一类暴雨局地性特征明显 ,其范围一般小于 30 0km ,暴雨的瞬时强度大 ,暴雨发生所需的强上升运动由局地强的对流有效位能 (CAPE)释放的浮力抬升引起。第二类和第三类暴雨的共同点在于都有明显的大尺度强迫过程 ,大尺度的动力强迫使持续暴雨所需的垂直上升运动得以维持。后两类暴雨的数值预报效果较第一类的好 。This paper presents a diagnostic study on the heavy rainfall associated with the Meiyu front over the Yangtze River Basin. It is found that there are three types of heavy rainstorms in Meiyu period: the meso-β MCS rainstorms, the heavy rainfalls during the initial stage of developing cyclones to the east of 115°E, and rainstorms developed ahead of a deep trough in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The meso-β rainstorm is most difficult to predict owing to its abruptness of occurrence and its small spatial scales. The deep convection associated with the rainstorm is due to the deep convection brought about by release of the convective available potential energy (CAPE). For the other two types of the rainstorms the large scale forcing is important for bringing about strong large scale lifting.

关 键 词：梅雨锋 暴雨 对流有效位能 大尺度强迫 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]