黄花杓兰与菌根真菌共生关系研究  

Notes on Symbiotic Relationship between Cypripedium flavum and Its Mycorrhizal Fungi

作　　者：王瑞苓[1] 胡虹[1] 李树云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《云南植物研究》2004年第4期445-450,共6页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

基　　金：国际科技合作重点项目计划资助 (2 0 0 1CB71110 3) ;国家自然科学基金 (30 2 70 15 1) ;云南省自然科学基金 (2 0 0 2C0 0 6 2M)

摘　　要：对黄花杓兰 (CypripediumflavumP .F .HuntetSummerh .)植株的根进行了一个生长周期的采集和切片观察 ,发现黄花杓兰具有相应的菌根结构 ,菌丝的存在状态在各物候期有所不同 ,可分为 5个时期 :(1) 4月份联通菌丝时期 ;(2 ) 5月份菌丝团时期Ⅰ ;(3) 6、 7月份无菌丝团时期Ⅰ ;(4 ) 8、 9月份菌丝团时期Ⅱ ;(5 ) 10月份无菌丝团时期Ⅱ。可以看出 ,在植株生活转变期 ,根细胞内出现菌丝团 ;在植株完成正常的生命过程中 ,真菌营养是光合营养的补充 ;真菌菌丝团也作为植物营养的储存器 ,菌丝团消解释放营养供给植株。在此基础上探讨了菌根真菌与黄花杓兰的共生关系的一个方面 :植株通过联通菌丝沟通各个细胞的物质交换 ,菌根真菌利用植株体内物质完成生命活动 ,菌丝团消解 ,使真菌所储藏的营养物转化 ,为植株所利用。The roots of Cypripedium flavum P.F.Hunt et Summerh.had been sampled each month during growing season,and carried out observing actions on the endomycorrhizal formation and variation.The result shows that the growth of C.flavum often associated with orchid mycorrhizal fungi,which developmental varieties occur in different phenology phases.The following five periods can be divided:(1) communicate hyphae phase in April;(2) hyphal coils phaseⅠappears in May;(3) non-hyphal coils phase Ⅰ in June to July;(4) hyphal coils phase Ⅱ appears in August and September;(5) non-hyphal coils phase Ⅱ occurs in October.It can be perceived from above that hyphal coils arisen in cells of roots when the orchid life transits and mycotrophy is a necessary supplement of phototrophy.To C.flavum,the hyphal coils may be the temporary reservoirs of nutrient stored in rootstock and /or produced by photosynthesis.The nutrient is transformed by fungi and transported to plant when hyphal coils have been diggested.We can explain partly the relationship between C.flavum and mycorrhizal fungi at this state:mycorrhizal fungi utilise the nutrient in plant cells to accomplish their life cycle;commnunicate bring about a transmition of nutrients among cells of roots and plant utilize the nutrient from diggested hyphal coils.

关 键 词：黄花杓兰 菌丝团 真菌营养 光合营养 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]