奇异悖论——证伪主义可以被证伪吗?  

The Singular Paradox: Can Falsificationism Be Falsified?

作　　者：金观涛 

机构地区：[1]<自然辩证法通讯>编辑部

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》1989年第2期1-10,80,共11页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：能嘲笑哲学,这才是真正的哲学思维。——帕斯卡尔尼斯湖怪的沉思 1988年,一群科学家决定对神秘的尼斯湖作一次彻底的搜索,以寻找那个传说已久的尼斯湖怪物。我清楚地记得,那一天晚上,我十岁的儿子十分焦急地等在电视机旁,当他听到这场湖底历险一无所获时,仍然十分坚定地跟我讲:爸爸,我相信尼斯湖怪是存在的。当时,我正在苦苦思索科学哲学。我隐约感到了一个科学哲学中被长期忽略的问题。这就是;我们怎样才能确证尼斯湖怪是否存在呢?This article puts forth a paradox: If single statements can be proved, many uni- versal statements can also be proved. Over a long period of time, only single stateme- nts can be proved, while universal statements are merely conjectures. This fact has been the most fundamental axiom of falisifieationism and has been held true by many scien- tists. This article questions this publicly-acknowledged truth. The author holds that the greatest problem with this concept of the philosophy of science is its neglect of observers. In order to establish a philosophy of science including how observers observe, the author puts forward the principle of recursive proof. He also proposes that, if the principle is correct, the falsificationist concept of science will then be destined to be falsified.

关 键 词：证伪主义 观察者 全称陈述 科学哲学家 确证 乌鸦 科学理论 可证伪 波普尔 科学家 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]