试论等韵学之原理与内外转之含义  

The Thcoretical Basis of the Rhyme-Tables and the Meaning of their Inner/Oufer Distinction

作　　者：薛凤生 

出　　处：《语言研究》1985年第1期38-56,共19页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：一、等韵学的历史地位二、等韵学的音韵基础三、内外转的含义四、结语一等韵学的历史地位在汉语音韵学的研究中,等韵学是最值得大书特书的辉煌成就。它的重要性不仅在于为中古汉语提供了许多极宝贵的资料,更重要的是它为汉语音韵学的研究提供了极巧妙的新方法,所以有人说等韵学就是中国的理论音韵学,这是极有见地的看法。事实上,有关汉语音韵的任何有意义的研究,不论是上古、中古或现代方言,也都离不开等韵学。在世界语言学史上,这也是我们可以自豪的了不起的成就,只可惜湮没太久,其重要性遂鲜为世人所知。 1.1 要正确地理解等韵学的性质与重要性,我们必须首先确认音韵学研究的真正目标。对一般人来说,研究某一语言(或方言)的语音。当然是说明该语言(或方言)中某些字如何读法;研究古音,也就是想知道某一时代的古人究竟是怎么说话的。In traditional Chinese linguistic study, there are two types of phonological sources. The first type is rhyme dictionaries and the other type is dengyun(rhyme-tables). From a theoretical point of view, the highlight of Chinese hiStorical lin-guistics is clearly the dengyun tradition which first appeared in the Tang dynasty (618—907) and evolved into maturity in the Song dynasty. These rhyme tables in somewhat varied forms served as the technical basis for phonological study in China in the past, and have been used as the framework for historical reconstruc-tion of the Various periods of the Chinese language by modern linguists. Though they have been the object of numerous philological studies, only a few preliminary attempts have been made to uncover the phonological basis for the design and categorization of these tables. To this author, the highly ingenious design of the rhyme tables cannot possibly be a matter of pure invention. It must have been based upon the phonemic structure of an actual language—in this case, the sound system of one historical period of the Chinese language. Furthermore, the phonological con-trasts revealed by both the rhyme dictionaries and the rhyme-tables are by definition phonemic in nature, while the rhyme-tables, which are based upon such concepts as wuyin 'five types of sounds' , qing 'clear' , zhuo 'muddy' , deng 'division' , she 'rhyme-class' , etc., are really in agreement with the theory of 'distinctive features' in spirit, It follows that a proper understanding of these ancient materials can pro-bably be better acheived through a strictly phonemic approach. There are many puzzles in the dengyun study which can perhaps only be pro-perly explained on the basis of the underlying sound system. One of them is the nei-wai zhuan 'inner/outer turn' . All the rhyme-tables are marked as being either nei 'inner' or wai 'outer' . This seems to be a significant binary contrast, but its meaning has been a mystery for centuries. Many modern scholars have tried very hard to uncover t

关 键 词：等韵学 切韵 中国传统音韵学 历史地位 元音系统 三等韵 韵图 中古汉语 汉语音韵学 韵腹 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]