中国古代的海洋潮汐学研究  

The Study of Ocean Tides in Ancient China

作　　者：宋正海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》1984年第3期50-56,80,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：海洋潮汐是近海岸发生的海面周期性升降现象。我国大陆和岛屿海岸线十分漫长,其中仅大陆海岸线就有18,000公里,中国古代沿海人民在与严重潮灾(风暴潮)进行旷日持久的艰苦斗争中,建立起闻名世界的雄伟海塘,修筑起潮闸。海潮之益不浅,无论在航海、军事、渔业,还是制盐、农业、工程等方面,中国古代对潮汐的利用是十分广泛,有较高水平的。正是在对海洋潮汐进行如此有成效的斗争和利用的漫长历史中,中国古代对海洋潮汐本身的研究也充分发展起来,并曾在世界历史上居于领先地位。Tidology in ancient China developed rapidly and was in a leading position around the world.1. The tide tables of the Tang and Song dynasties (A. D. 618-1279) were relatively advanced. The tables were divided into theoretical and observational ones. The theoretical tables were formed by the ancient advanced computation of the calendar and astronomy, with a high degree of accuracy.2. The ancient theories about the cause of the tidal formation were fundamentally based on the materialistic theory of Yuanqi (the original matter). Beginning with the Eastern Han (A. D. 25-220), it was believed that the interaction between the moon and the sea caused the tidal formation.3. There was a very lively description of the bore on the Yangzi River in the Western Han (206 B. C. -A. D. 24). The theories about the cause of formation of the bore on the Qiantang River were well understood in the Eastern Han. The theories continued to. develop till the Qing dynasty (A. D. 1644-1911).

关 键 词：海洋潮汐 潮汐学 潮汐理论 朔望月 中国古代 潮汐现象 月球运动 天文历算 月相 万有引力定律 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]