英国都铎时代伦敦商人的财富和权力  

Wealth and Power of London Merchants in Tudor England

作　　者：陈曦文[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》1993年第4期28-36,128,共10页World History

摘　　要：15世纪中叶至17世纪初,约当都铎王朝统治时期(1485—1603),英国处在资本主义生产发展的初期阶段,工场手工业和租地农场制产业,它的进一步发展和繁荣是以贸易的扩张为前提。在这个时期里,尤其是自16世纪中叶以后,英国的商业和海上势力的拓展是迅速而无敌的,对整个社会经济的发展具有举足轻重的影响。在这过程中,商人的势力也随之发展壮大起来。恩格斯指出:在15世纪,市民已“成为体现着进一步发展生产、贸易、教育、社会制度和政治制度的阶级,”对社会来说,他们“已经比封建贵族更为必要了。”London was a metropolis of commerce in Tudor England. In the 16th century not only the proportionate share, but also the absolute volume, of the trade handled by almost every provincial port was shrinking to London's advantage. The rapid development of foreign economic transactions, caused many people in business circles richer and provided for their significant political uplift. Those who owned ample stock of wealth naturally formed the nucleus of a new and rising bourgeois. By historical evidence, the rich merchants together with those gentry who have gradually manifested themselves to be bourgeois of their great fortune constituted the cardinal momentum of social transform in Tudor England.

关 键 词：英国 政治制度 社会经济 社会制度 贸易 恩格斯 都铎王朝 资本主义生产 封建贵族 工场手工业 

分 类 号：K1[历史地理—历史学]