我国海上油污防治法律问题研究——基于渤海湾油田溢油事故的思考  

Legal Problems of China Marine Oil Pollution Prevention: Reflections on the Bohai Sea Oil Spill Incident

作　　者：翟雅宁 

机构地区：[1]山东济南市槐荫区人民检察院

出　　处：《战略决策研究》2014年第1期84-104,共21页Journal of Strategy and Decision-Making

摘　　要：海洋石油污染日益严重,不仅破坏海洋生态平衡和海洋环境,制约沿海经济的持续和稳定发展,而且还严重影响沿海居民的正常生活。美国墨西哥湾钻井平台溢油、我国渤海湾19-3油田溢油及海上船舶碰撞等导致的船舶溢油事故是对此危害的有力诠释。我国已逐步建立了海上溢油法律规制体系,但仍存在油污损害赔偿机制不健全等诸多问题。我国可以借鉴国际法律实践,出台专项法规,细化索赔规定,尽快建立海上溢油损害强制责任保险和赔偿基金制度。完善我国应急执法体系,全面防范海上油污事故与损害,依法保护我国海洋生态环境。The frequent occurrences of marine oil pollution have damaged oceanic ecological balance and marine environment, restricting the sustainable and stable development of coastal economy and seriously affecting the normal life of the residents along the coast. There have been such accidents as the drilling platforms' oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico of US, the Bohai Sea oil spill in the Penglai 19-3 oil field and the ship oil spill caused by ship collision at sea. As a result, China has properly established a system of legal regulation of marine oil spill. There is, however, the imperfection of compensation mechanism for oil pollution damages and other problems. China should issue official regulations and detailed claim provisions, and establish compulsory liability insurance and compensation fund system of marine oil spill damage in accordance to international judicial practice. In order to protect the marine ecological environment in China by law and prevent the damage caused by the oil pollution accidents at sea, the country's legal system of prevention and control of China's marine oil spill should urgently be perfected.

关 键 词：海上油污 法律防治 立法 执法 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]