不同竹炭施用量对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响  

Effects of Bamboo Biochar Amendments on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Paddy Soil

作　　者：王欣欣[1,2] 邹平[1] 符建荣[1] 邵玲玲[1] 俞巧钢[1] 殷建祯[1] 叶静[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第1期198-204,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2011DFA91190);国家自然科学基金项目(41201233);国家公益性行业科研专项(201003059);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ12D01003)

摘　　要：以来源于竹材废弃物的生物炭为试验材料,采集宁绍平原典型稻田土壤进行水稻盆栽试验,探究不同竹炭施用量条件下生物炭对稻田温室气体排放的影响。研究结果表明:与空白对照处理相比,来源于竹材废弃物的生物质经炭化后还田对稻田温室气体CH4和N2O排放有显著的抑制作用,且减排效果随着竹炭施用量的增加而增强,生物炭处理的水稻产量亦比空白和常规施肥处理有所提高。施用竹炭条件下,CH4和N2O季节累积排放量比对照处理分别降低了58.2%~91.7%和25.8%~83.8%;相对常规施肥处理而言,降低幅度分别高达64.3%~92.9%和72.3%~93.9%。这可能是由于竹炭所包含的有机碳高度芳香化而具有生物化学和热稳定性,同时竹炭有很大的比表面积和表面吸附能,竹炭的施用可能改善了水稻土理化特性并抑制相关微生物的活性,从而降低了稻田温室气体排放。Biochar has been shown to improve soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties, and thus may inhibit greenhouse gas emission from soils. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of bamboo biochar applications on methane(CH4)and nitrous oxide(N2 O)emission from a paddy soil collected from Ningshao plain, Zhejiang Province. The experimental results showed that applying bamboo-char significantly reduced the emission of methane and nitrous oxide compared with the control. There was a positive relationship between the emission and biochar rates. Rice yield was higher in the biochar treatments than in both the control and traditional fertilization treatments. In the biochar treatments, the total seasonal emissions of CH4 and N2 O decreased by 58.2%~91.7% and 25.8%~83.8%, respectively, compared with the control; and by 64.3%~92.9% and 72.3%~93.9%, respectively, compared with the traditional fertilization. Our data suggest that biochar from manufacture wastes could be used to reduce greenhouse gas emission.

关 键 词：竹炭 水稻盆栽 甲烷 氧化亚氮 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]