福建主要竹材纤维化学性质的差异分析  

The Difference in Fiber Properties of Major Bamboo Species in Fujian Province

作　　者：李权[1] 林金国[1] 刘主凰[1] 邹跃国 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建省华安县林业局,福建华安363800

出　　处：《竹子研究汇刊》2014年第2期5-10,共6页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：国家级星火计划重大项目(2012GA720001);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项项目(200704010)

摘　　要：竹材纤维的开发利用必须以其特性为依据,试验研究分析了8种福建主要竹材纤维的化学成分、纤维素聚合度、化学基团特征等的差异,可为竹材纤维原料的优化选择和高性能产品设计提供理论依据。试验从3种配方的离析液中筛选出'30%过氧化氢∶95%冰醋酸∶水=4∶5∶21'对8种竹材进行离析,对得到的竹材纤维检测发现其纤维素含量为80.49%~87.89%,聚戊糖含量为13.33%~19.06%,纤维素聚合度为958~1 141,平均粘均分子量为1.5×105~1.8×105,绿竹、毛竹和麻竹3种竹材纤维的聚戊糖含量随着竹龄的增加而增加,而纤维素含量则是先增大后减小。红外光谱分析验证了8种竹材纤维的主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维和木质素。一些表征三大素的吸收峰并未出现或出峰很小,说明酸性条件下的氧化作用使木质素发生了较大分解,半纤维素中的一些基本结构单元也发生了不同程度的降解。This study examines the differences in fiber properties, such as chemical components,chemical group characteristics and degree of polymerization of eight major bamboo species growing in Fujian Province. The aim is to provide a theoretic basis for optimizing selection of raw bamboo fibers and designing of high-performance bamboo products. The content of nitric acid-ethanol cellulose and pentose of bamboo fiber varied with different dissociating methods, ' 30 % H2O2∶ 95 % HAC∶ H2O = 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 21' is relatively mild. The cellulose content of the eight bamboo species ranged from 80. 49 % to 87. 89 %. The pentose content varied between 13. 33 % and 19. 06 %. The fiber pentose content of Dendrocalamus latiflorus,D. oldham and Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens decreased with the increase of bamboo ages. while their cellulose content of increased from one-year-old to four-year-old bamboo then decreased. The degree of polymerization of the eight bamboo species ranged from958 to 1141,and their viscosity-average molecular weight were between 1. 5 × 105and 1. 8 ×105. The degree of polymerization decreased when time prolonged. FTIR spectra indicated that the main chemical components of bamboo fiber were cellulose,hemi-cellulose and lignin. Some absorption peaks representing the three main chemical components were small or even disappeared,suggesting that to some degrees,the lignin has been decomposed,and the basic structure of hemi-cellulose has been degradated.

关 键 词：竹材 纤维素 聚戊糖 FTIR 

分 类 号：S781.9[农业科学—木材科学与技术]