民国时期我国人口学界有关人口问题观点的概述  

Overview of the Ideas and Research Findings on Population Issues in China's Population Circle during the Pe- riod of the Republic of China

作　　者：傅学良[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学社会科学及工程系经济学教研室

出　　处：《人口研究》1996年第4期28-33,共6页Population Research

摘　　要：辛亥革命后至中华人民共和国成立前30多年时间里,中国严重的人口问题同各种严重的社会问题交织在一起,促使社会各阶层都对人口问题发表自己的看法和主张,出现了大量的关于人口问题的专著、论文和调查报告。人口学界主要围绕下列两个问题展开了热烈的讨论;其一是对于中国人口问题的看法;其二是关于解决中国人口问题的途径。 对于中国人口问题的看法,当时大致有两种截然相反的观点。一种观点是乐观的,认为中国地大物博, 生养中国的人口绰绰有余,只要发展生产、改善社会制度,就不存在什么人口问题。持这类观点者大都反对马尔萨斯人口论在中国的传播。代表人物有:杨效春、蔡步青、张履鸾、文公直、陈天表等;另一种观点却很不乐观,认为中国存在着严重的人口过剩现象,人口过多是造成社会的贫困和动乱的重要原因。认为解决中国人口问题的途径主要是节制生育等。代表人物有:陈长蘅、许仕廉、陈达、董时进、吴景超、李景汉、马寅初等。Over the 30 years from the Revolution of 1911 (the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution led bu Dr. Sun Yat-sen which overthrew the Qing Dynasty) to the founding (1949) of the People's Republic of China, the grave population problem mingled with various other serious social problems, views and suggestions dealing with the population problem were expressed by people of different social classes, and a large number of monographs , articles and survey r ports on population problem were published. Controversy was centered on how to look at China's population problem and its solutions, with two contrasting ideas that some scholars were optimistic in supporting China's population by developing production improving social system, while others were pessimistically arguing that China was highly over populated, which gave rise to poverty and social disturbance , and birth control was the principal way to solve China's population problem.

关 键 词：中国人口问题 民国时期 节制生育 马尔萨斯人口论 我国人口 人口过剩 人口政策 人口密度 三民主义 人口数量 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]