乡镇企业与农民角色转换和农村社会变迁  

Township Enterprises Promote Change of Chinese Peasants

作　　者：李鸿飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁社会科学院,副研究员110031

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》1996年第4期31-35,160,共6页Social Science Journal

摘　　要：改革开放使中国农村社会与农民阶层发生了历史性巨变。从经济行为看,农业生产正在摆脱自然经济的束缚,逐步转向商品化、社会化和现代化;从社会结构看,封闭落后的乡土社会正逐步变为开放的现代社会;从阶层结构看,农民经过变革的洗礼,正在形成新的价值认同和塑造新的人格。在这种历史巨变中,乡镇企业起了不可估量的作用,它促进了农村生产要素的流动和重新配置,增加了农民的收入,加速了农民阶层的分化,导致了城乡新格局的形成。可以说,乡镇企业是当今中国经济中最活跃的因素和国民经济新的增长点,是农村社会变迁的基础单元和催化因素,是农民角色转换和人格重塑的熔炉。During 15 years of reform and opening, Chinese peasants' stratum has greatly changed. So have China's rural communities. Agricultural production is becoming much more of a commodity and socialization and modermization production. Rural society structure is becoming an open society from a secluded one. Chinese peasants are turning a social stratum which possesses new role status as well as new value points and personality. In this historic change process, millions of township enterprises made an incredible contribution. By the end of 1992, China had 10,000 thousand township enterprises, in which had 120, ?00 thousand staff and workers. Those enterprises had fixed assets of about 60, 000 thousand yuan, and attained a total output value of 1,760 billion yuan which made up 31. 6 percent of the total output value national industrial and 69. 5 percent of rural one. In 1993, 60 percent of the net income of peasan: per-captal came from township-enterprises. From an economics point, township enterprise is one of the most active factors among the Chinese economic system. In socialogy view, it composes a basic unit and expedite factor. In social psychological sense, it is the furnace of peasants transfer the their role model.

关 键 词：乡镇企业 角色转换 中国农村社会 农民阶层分化 规模经营 国有企业 乡镇企业家 农村工业化 农村城市化 农村社会变迁 

分 类 号：D422[政治法律—政治学]