美国近代科技事业与政府推动  

Government and Science: Their Relations from the Colonial Period to the Civil War in the USA

作　　者：吴必康[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》1996年第6期11-19,127,共10页World History

摘　　要：美国近代科技事业与政府推动吴必康ＧｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ：ＴｈｅｉｒＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＣｏｌｏｎｉａｌＰｅｒｉｏｄｔｏｔｈｅＣｉｖｉｌＷａｒｉｎｔｈｅＵＳＡ￥ＷｕＢｉｋａｎｇＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒａｒｇｕｅ...The author argues that advancement of modern science and technology needs the support and encouragment of government. This essay explores the origin and early development of American science policy,and focuses on the three stages: I. The embryo relation emerged between the political power and science & technology development during the colonial period,e. g. the early patents.Ⅱ. The efforts of some science-loving statesmen and scientists to search for the government support,and the difficulties they met during the early years after the Independence. Ⅲ . The further development of the relation during 1830s-1860s, especially the new explanation of the constitution confirmed the legal base for the government support,activities and policies in sciencetechnology area. The driving forces behind the development were economic,cultural and political needs, specially including the efforts of many science-loving statesmen from B. Franklin,G. Washington, T. Jefferson to A. Lincoln,etc. .

关 键 词：科技事业 国家权力 近代科技 科技活动 宪法限制 科技政策 殖民地 政治权力 富兰克林 科学考察 

分 类 号：G327.12[文化科学]