Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in intensive cropping systems  

作　　者：MI GuoHua CHEN FanJun WU QiuPing LAI NingWei YUAN LiXing ZHANG FuSuo 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition,MOA,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction,MOE,College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China

出　　处：《Science China(Life Sciences)》2010年第12期1369-1373,共5页中国科学(生命科学英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB11860);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31071852,30771289,and 30821003);the Special Fund for Agriculture Profession (Grant No. 200803030)

摘　　要：The use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers has contributed to the production of a food supply sufficient for both animals and humans despite some negative environmental impact.Sustaining food production by increasing N use efficiency in intensive cropping systems has become a major concern for scientists,environmental groups,and agricultural policymakers worldwide.In high-yielding maize systems the major method of N loss is nitrate leaching.In this review paper,the characteristic of nitrate movement in the soil,N uptake by maize as well as the regulation of root growth by soil N availability are discussed.We suggest that an ideotype root architecture for efficient N acquisition in maize should include(i) deeper roots with high activity that are able to uptake nitrate before it moves downward into deep soil;(ii) vigorous lateral root growth under high N input conditions so as to increase spatial N availability in the soil;and(iii) strong response of lateral root growth to localized nitrogen supply so as to utilize unevenly distributed nitrate especially under limited N conditions.The use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers has contributed to the production of a food supply sufficient for both animals and humans despite some negative environmental impact.Sustaining food production by increasing N use efficiency in intensive cropping systems has become a major concern for scientists,environmental groups,and agricultural policymakers worldwide.In high-yielding maize systems the major method of N loss is nitrate leaching.In this review paper,the characteristic of nitrate movement in the soil,N uptake by maize as well as the regulation of root growth by soil N availability are discussed.We suggest that an ideotype root architecture for efficient N acquisition in maize should include(i) deeper roots with high activity that are able to uptake nitrate before it moves downward into deep soil;(ii) vigorous lateral root growth under high N input conditions so as to increase spatial N availability in the soil;and(iii) strong response of lateral root growth to localized nitrogen supply so as to utilize unevenly distributed nitrate especially under limited N conditions.

关 键 词：MAIZE nitrogen use efficiency root architecture NITRATE RHIZOSPHERE 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]