陕北生态脆弱矿区煤炭与地下水组合特征及保水开采  

Study On Coal Mining for protecting Ecological Water Level in the Ecological Fragile Mining Area

作　　者：王双明 范立民[3] 黄庆享[2] 杨泽元[4] 王国柱[5] 申涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省煤炭工业局 [2]西安科技大学 [3]陕西省煤炭地质测量技术中心 [4]长安大学 [5]陕西省煤田地质局

出　　处：《金属矿山》2009年第S1期697-702,707,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:50574074;40572155);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(编号:NCET-04-0971);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目(编号:教外司留2008-890);陕西省自然科学基金项目(编号:2002D13);陕西省软科学计划项目(编号:2008KR58)

摘　　要：陕北侏罗纪煤田煤炭资源富集,正在建设陕北、神东2个大型煤炭基地,但矿区生态环境脆弱,区内唯一具有供水意义和重要生态价值的含水层位于煤层之上,研究揭示了区合理生态地下水位埋深为1.5～5.0 m,煤层开采的导水裂隙导致地下水位下降,表生生态退化,控制地下水位是生态脆弱矿区科学开采的核心。开采实践和室内模拟实验表明,当煤层上覆隔水岩组厚度≥33～35倍采高时,煤层开采不会导致地下水位下降;煤层上覆隔水岩组厚度≤18倍采高时,煤层开采会破坏隔水层,导致水位下降;18～35倍采高时,可采取"限制采高"等措施实现保水开采。以控制地下水位为目标,以采动隔水层稳定性分区为基础,以采煤方法规划为手段的开采方法是生态脆弱矿区煤炭资源科学开采的有效途径。There are rich coal resources in the Northern Shanxi Province jurassiccoal field establishing shanbei and shendong two coal basements,but there has only one aquifer of water supply and ecologically importance lied upon coal seam.It is revealed that the proper groundwater level for vegetation is 1.5～5.0m.The mining fracture zone decreases the ground water level and cause hypergene ecosystems retrogresses.So,water level control is the core of scientific mining in the ecological fragile mining area.Mining practice and simulation model tests show:if the thickness of resisting overburden equal or greater than 33～35 times mining height,coal mining will not decrease the ground water level;if the thickness of resisting overburden equal or less than 18 times mining height,coal mining must destroy aquiclude and decrease the ground water level;when it is in 33～35 times mining height,the proper mining method as'restricting mining height method'can be use for water protection.It can be concluded,the mining method plan with the water level control as the aim and the subarea of coal mining condition as the base,is effective approach of scientific mining in ecological fragile mining area.

关 键 词：生态脆弱矿区 浅埋煤层 生态水位 隔水层隔水性 保水开采 陕北侏罗纪煤田 

分 类 号：TD823[矿业工程—煤矿开采]