黄河三角洲潮间带营养盐的分布特征及其影响因素  

Nutrient Distributions and Influencing Factors in the Intertidal Area of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：张鹏[1] 邹立[1,2] 姚晓[1] 郭新宇[3] 高会旺[1,2] 山口一岩[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]日本爱媛大学海洋环境研究中心,日本松山7908577

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第S1期381-388,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委对外合作与交流项目(40711140114)资助

摘　　要：为探讨潮间带区域营养盐的分布和输运特征,于2007年7月在东营黄河三角洲潮间带进行了现场调查,采集并分析上覆水和间隙水溶解无机态硝酸氮(NO3-N)、氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝酸氮(NO2-N)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)、硅酸盐(SiO3-Si),以及溶解总氮(DTN)和总磷(DTP)含量。结果表明:(1)潮间带水体中NH4-N和NO2-N浓度变化范围分别为0~80μmol/L和0~24μmol/L,平均浓度分别为30μmol/L和10μmol/L,均为由近岸向海和由南向北逐渐降低;NO3-N浓度变化范围为10~50μmol/L,平均浓度为30μmol/L,由近岸向海由北向南逐渐降低;PO4-P浓度在0~0.12μmol/L间变化,平均浓度为0.04μmol/L,整体由南向北浓度逐渐降低。(2)潮间带间隙水中NH4-N浓度变化范围为120~180μmol/L,平均浓度为140μmol/L;NO2-N浓度变化范围为0~16μmol/L,平均浓度为6μmol/L,由西南部近岸的高值区向离岸方向逐渐降低;NO3-N浓度变化范围为2~24μmol/L,平均浓度为10μmol/L,除近岸的低值区,整个区域浓度变化不大;PO4-P浓度变化范围为0.1~1.5μmol/L,平均浓度为0.3μmol/L,由西北和东南两个高值区向其他区域逐渐降低;SiO3-Si浓度变化范围为30~80μmol/L,平均浓度为50μmol/L,由近岸向离岸方向逐渐降低。为探讨潮间带区域沉积物营养盐的输送方向,进行实验室淋溶实验,结果表明:落潮时DTN和DTP浓度都是由沉积物表层向底层递增,低潮和涨潮时DTN和DTP浓度则反相变化。根据化学计量限制计算,P和Si都可能成为该区域底栖藻生长繁殖的限制性因子,其中P是首要影响因子。In order to demonstrate the distribution and transportation of nutrients in the intertidal area of the Yellow River Delta,dissolved inorganic(NO3-N,NH4-N,NO2-N,PO4-P and SiO3-Si) and organic nutrients(DTN and DTP) in the waters and porewaters were collected and analyzed in July,2007.The results show that the NH4-N and NO2-N concentrations in waters ranged from 0～80 μmol/L and 0～24 μmol/L(averaged at 30 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L),respectively,both decreasing from the coast to the sea and from the south to the north.The NO3-N concentrations ranged from 10 to 50 μmol/L(averaged at 30 μmol/L),with the tendency of decreasing from the coast to the sea and from the south to the north.The PO4-P concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 0.12 μmol/L(averaged at 0.04 μmol/L), decreasing from the south to the north.The NH4-N concentrations in porewaters ranged from 120 to 180 μmol/L(averaged at 140 μmol/L).The NO2-N concentrations in porewaters ranged from 0.00 to 16 μmol/L(averaged at 6 μmol/L),deceasing from the southwest of the coast to sea.The NO3-N concentrations in porewaters ranged from 2 to 24 μmol/L(averaged at 10 μmol/L),with a comparatively unaminous distribution except a low value near the coast.The PO4-P concentrations in porewaters ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 μmol/L(averaged at 0.3 μmol/L),decreasing two high values in the northwest and southeast to the other areas. The SiO3-Si concentrations in porewaters ranged at 30 to 80 μmol/L,decreasing from the coast to the sea.Leaching experiment on the core sediments in different layers showed that,DTN and DTP concentrations increased from the surface to deep layers in ebb tide,while decreased in flood and low tides.Based on the results from stoichiometric limiting calculation,P and Si both could be the limiting factors on the growing and reproducing of the benthic algae,among which P might be the primary one.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲潮间带 上覆水 间隙水 营养盐 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]