盐度骤降对不同发育阶段仿刺参存活和生长的影响  

Growth and survival of larval and juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus exposed to abrupt decline salinity

作　　者：王吉桥[1] 张筱墀[1] 姜玉声[1] 张剑诚 柳圭泽[3] 

机构地区：[1]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,大连116023 [2]大连太平洋海珍品有限公司,大连116045 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2009年第S1期139-146,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校科研计划项目(20060186);辽宁省海洋与渔业厅项目

摘　　要：在2 L烧杯和塑料水槽(50 cm×40 cm×30 cm)中进行了3个试验,研究了盐度骤降对仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼体、稚参、幼参存活和生长的影响。1)幼体试验:在水温为24.0~26.0℃下,测定了不同盐度(33(对照)、30、26、22、20、17、13)下幼体在第12、24 h和72 h后的存活率。结果表明:盐度降至13和17时,幼体于第12 h和36 h全部死亡;72 h后,盐度为20组的幼体存活率最低,表明耳状幼体存活和生长的适应盐度为30~26。2)稚参试验:在水温为15.0~13.0℃下,进行不同盐度(33(对照)、30、26、22、20、17、13、9)对稚参(13.5 mg)12、24、72、96 h存活率的影响试验。结果表明:盐度降至9时,12 h时稚参全部死亡;盐度降至13时,24 h时90%的稚参死亡。盐度为30~17时,10 d时稚参的存活率差异不显著(P】0.05);30 d时,盐度为26和盐度为22两组稚参的存活率明显高于其它组(P【0.05);60 d时,盐度为30和盐度为26两组稚参的存活率高于其它组,但差异不显著(P】0.05)。急剧降盐10 d后,将盐度为22、20、17的3组稚参逐渐恢复至盐度为26继续饲养60 d,稚参的存活率与盐度为33、30两组差异不显著(P】0.05),但生长显著缓慢(P【0.05)。3)幼参试验:在水温13.0~10.0℃时,将平均体质量为2.42 g的幼参在盐度为33(对照)、30、26、22条件下饲养60 d,各组幼参的吐肠率为2.23%~11.11%,盐度为33时显著低于盐度30(P【0.05),而与盐度为26、22时差异不显著(P】0.05);但生长却随着盐度的降低而降低,盐度为30、26时,幼参的生长速度分别比盐度为33组减少了5.0%和62.5%,表明盐度为26时为明显抑制生长的拐点。随着盐度的降低,幼参体腔液上清液溶菌酶活力升高,超氧化物歧化酶活力降低。各试验组均未检测出酸性磷酸酶活性。Effects of abrupt decline salinity on survival and growth of larval and juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied in three trials.In the first trial,the auricularia held at a salinity of 33 were directly changed into sea water with a salinity of 33,30,26,22,20,17 or 13 at water temperature of 24-26 ℃.Survival was examined 12 h,36 h and 72 h after the larvae were exposed to the expected salinity.100% mortality occurred 12 h,and 36 h after the auricularia were exposed to a salinity of 17 and 13,respectively,and the minimal survival was observed in the larvae exposed to a salinity of 20,indicating that salinity ranging from 30 to 26 is adaptive for development and survival of the auricularia.In the secondary trial,the juveniles weighing 13.5 mg individual held at a salinity of 33 were directly changed into a plastic tank filled with sea water with a salinity of 33,30,26,22,20,17,13,or 9,and fed common feed at water temperature of 13-15 ℃.It was found that 100% mortality occurred 12 h after the juveniles were exposed to a salinity of 9,90% mortality appeared 24 h after exposure to 13.There were no significant differences in survival in the juveniles exposed to a salinity of 30-17(P>0.05) within 10 days.Within 30 days,however,the juveniles in groups with a salinity of 26 and 22 had significantly higher survival than in other groups(P<0.05).Until 60 days,the juveniles in groups with a salinity of 30 and 26 showed significantly higher survival than in the other groups(P<0.05).The juveniles were acclimated to 2 gradually and fed for 60 days 10 days after they were exposed to 22,20 and 17.They were not found to have significant differences in survival(P>0.05),but significantly poor growth(P<0.05).In the third trial,the juveniles averaging 2.42 g held in a salinity of 33 were directly moved into water with a salinity of 33,30,26 or 22 and ad libitum fed the same feed at water temperature of 13-10 ℃ for 60 days.It was found that 2.23%-11.11% of the juveniles exposed to abrupt decline salinities showed

关 键 词：耳状幼体 稚参 幼参 盐度 存活率 生长 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]