中晚唐五代座主门生与科场风气  

The Relations between "Zuozhu" and "Mensheng" and the Atmosphere of Imperial Examination during the Mid and Later Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties

作　　者：金滢坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《教育与考试》2008年第6期39-47,共9页Education and Examinations

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目"高校招生考试制度改革的理论与实践研究"(03JZD0038)的成果之一

摘　　要：唐代"座主"一词大概最先在开元初出现在吏部铨选中,指代掌铨衡的主司,天宝初"座主"与知贡举者联系在一起,才逐渐产生了座主门生的观念,经过大历间的发展,最终在建中以后形成了较为普遍的社会观念。中晚唐五代每年科举发榜后,新及第举人便通过参加谢恩座主、参谒宰相、集期、关宴、慈恩塔题名等一系列活动,逐步增强了座主与门生以及同年之间的关系,甚至"遂为朋党标目"。到晚唐五代,门生感恩座主的观念已经成为一种普世价值观念。座主门生关系,在中晚唐逐渐成为一种社会公认的亲密社会关系。以至于,座主门生、同年关系成为官僚仕宦相互提携的重要纽带,也是中晚唐朋党形成和党争的重要因素。In the Kaiyuan period of the Tang dynasty, perhaps the term of 'Zuozhu' (chief examiner) appears in the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs for selecting officials. At the beginning of Tianbao period, 'Zuozhu' is related to 'Zhigongju' (ministers specially appointed to take charge of the examination of the Ministry of Rites ) and the idea of 'Zuozhu' and 'Mensheng' (pupils attending imperial examination ) comes into being, which is accepted by people during Dali period, and finally becomes the common social idea in Jianzhong period. During the mid and later Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, every year after imperial examination, those who pass the examination would thank 'Zuozhu' for his favour, pay their respects to prime minister, enjoy the time and sign their names in the tower of ci'en and so on. By this way, the relationship between 'Zuozhu','Mensheng' and 'Tongnian' (those who pass imperial examination in the same year ) is enhanced. And they even organize together as a faction. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the idea that 'Mensheng' should thank 'Zuozhu' becomes very popular; and the relationship between them turns into a close social relationship universally acknowledged during the mid and late Tang. What's more, the relationship among 'Zuozhu','Mensheng' and 'Tongnian' becomes an important tie for bureaucrats to support each other and it also contributes to the appearance and the struggle of factions in the mid and late Tang period.

关 键 词：中晚唐五代 座主门生 科场风气 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]