新奥法施工隧道掌子面红外照相及图像处理  

APPLICATION OF INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGE PROCESSING TO TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION WITH NEW AUSTRIAN TUNNELING METHOD

作　　者：周春霖[1] 朱合华[1] 李晓军[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2008年第S1期3166-3172,共7页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40672184)

摘　　要：施工中岩石隧道掌子面附近光照条件较差,空气中粉尘含量较高。由于可见光波长远小于粉尘颗粒,无法穿透粉尘,靠可见光成像的传统照相技术难以得到清晰的掌子面照片。红外线波长接近粉尘直径,具有较强的穿透能力,因此红外照相技术能够透过一定粉尘、烟雾,并获得清晰的掌子面照片。将红外照相技术引入新奥法隧道掌子面照相中,通过理论分析和现场试验证明了该方法的可行性和优越性;分析了掌子面红外相片的特点,并针对其特点提出"去噪–均衡化–阈值分割"的图像处理步骤;采用霍夫变换对阈值分割所得图像进行线性特征识别,得出识别结果并通过比较证明其正确性。红外照相技术能获取新奥法施工岩石隧道清晰的掌子面照片,有一定工程指导意义。对所获照片图像处理过程克服了拍照过程中所引入噪声及照度不均引起的过曝、欠曝问题。图像线性特征识别是三维隧道地质状况数字重建的基础,并能给掌子面围岩分级提供重要参数。Digital photography technique is an important method to obtain information of tunnel face in constructing rock tunnel construction with new Austrian tunneling method(NATM). There are lots of dust and fog in constructing rock tunnel with NATM,and the illuminance is always insufficient and uneven since the diameter of dust is much longer than the wavelength of visible light wave but close to infrared. According to the principle of diffraction,visible light could not go through the dust but infrared rays could do. So it is hard to take clear pictures of tunnel face with classical photography technique but possible by infrared photography technique in tunnel construction. The application of infrared photography technology to taking picture of tunnel face for constructing rock tunnel is specified. The possibility and superiority of this method are proven by analyzing in-situ experiments;and the characteristics of infrared photographs of tunnel face are also analyzed aiming at image processing of denoising-illuminance equilibrium-threshold division. In the image recognition step,the Hough transform is used to identify the linear feature of tunnel face picture;and the validity of this method is proven by comparing the recognizing result with monitoring data. Experimental results show that infrared photography is helpful for getting clear tunnel face photograph in rock tunnel construction with NATM:the image processing overcomes the problems of image noise,the overexposure,underexposure in the circumstance of poor illuminance. The recognition of linear feature is on the basis of 3D numeral reconstruction and could provide some critical parameters for rock masses classification.

关 键 词：隧道工程 新奥法隧道 红外照相 图像处理 智能识别 

分 类 号：U455.48[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]