小麦白粉病菌小种消长动态及品种抗性变异  

Dynamics of Physiological Races of Powdery Mildew of Wheat and Resistant Variation of Wheat Varieties to Powdery Mildew

作　　者：刘正德[1] 黄光明[1] 朱杰[1] 杨家秀[1] 蒋滨[1] 李云鹤[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院植物保护研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1997年第S1期18-23,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：１９８５～１９９２年在屏山、雅安和新都大丰三处设置小麦品种抗白粉病性变异观察圃，对４１个寄主抗白粉病的有效性进行了追踪。并于１９８７～１９９３年进行了白粉病菌小种监测和毒力频率分析，结果以中毒级（４～６级）组合为主，高毒级（７～１０级）次之，低毒级（１～３级）较少；发病程度则与寄主的感病频率呈正相关。单基因抗性品种高加索等１９８７～１９９３年平均感病频率为７２．２％～９９．１％。具有Ｐｍ２＋６的ＣＩ１２６３２、ＭａｒｉｓＨｕｎｔｓｍａｎ等多基因品种，平均感病为３２．５％～４３．６％，抗性相对较稳定。多基因品种的免３号含有Ｐｍ２Ｘ基因，平均感病频率仅１３．２％，抗性更稳定。Ｋｈａｐｌｉ除含有Ｐｍ４抗性基因外还携带另外两个微效基因［５］，平均感病频率为２．６％，是目前抗白粉病性最好的高效抗源。he data of obsevation nursery at Pinshan,Yaan and Xindu from 1985 to 1992 indicated that the resistance of wheat varieties CI 12632, CI 12633 and Maris Huntsman etc.with resistance genes Pm2 and Pm6 was relatively stable, while the resistance of those with single resistance gene was undurable because of rapidly virulent variation of Erysiphe graminis,DC.F.sp. tritici and the complexity of the climates in Sichuan.Wheat variety Baimian 3 carrying Pm2X gene was highly resistant to powdery mildew.Wheat variety Khapli which carrys two other resistant genes besides Pm 4 was the most effective resistance sources at present in Sichuan.Most of virulent frequencies of Erysiphe graminis DC.f.Sp.tritici were medium ones.

关 键 词：小麦 抗病性 白粉菌小种 抗性基因 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]