醉马草的有毒成分研究  

STUDIES ON THE TOXIC CONSTITUENT OF ACHNATHERUM INEBRIANS

作　　者：党晓鹏[1] 曹光荣[1] 段得贤[1] 李绍君[1] 赵效文 周进海 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学兽医系 [2]西安204研究所 [3]宁夏海原县畜牧站

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》1992年第4期366-371,共6页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本研究用溶剂提取法和阳离子交换树脂法首次从醉马草中提取、分离出一种生物碱成分,我们称其为醉马草毒素。动物毒性试验证明,醉马草毒素是醉马草的主要有毒成分。经元素分析及有机波谱分析确定了结构式。 马属动物按照10g/kg体重的剂量,一次灌服醉马草干粉或相当剂量的粗提物,即可引起与自然发病相同的急性中毒。症状主要表现为精神极度沉郁、翘尾,四肢无力,行走如醉,肌肉震颤,心跳加快,呼吸迫促等。A kind of alkaloid constituent has been extracted and isolated from Achnatherum inebrians by solvent extraction and cation-exchange resin methods in the studies. The alkaloid was named 'stipatoxin' which was proved to be the main toxic constituent of A. inebrians by to-xicity experiment in mice. Structure formula of stipatoxin has beenobtained by the element analysis and organic spectrum analysis. The dry powder of A. inebrians and its crude extract were administered orally once at the dosage of 10g/kg body weight to equine animals respectively which then could cause the poisoning of A.inebrians. The major symptoms of poisoning in equine animals were extreme depression, tail raising, hindlegs weakness, staggering gait,muscle tremor, dyspnea,and tachycardia. The signs were consistent with those observed in the field outbreaks of the disease.

关 键 词：醉马草 有毒成分 生物碱 

分 类 号：S8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]