哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原检测及其临床特征分析  

The detection of inhalant allergens for children with asthma and the analysis of clinical features

作　　者：成胜权[1] 强欢[1] 罗建峰[1] 丁翠玲[1] 丁亚楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安第四军医大学西京医院儿科,西安710032

出　　处：《发育医学电子杂志》2014年第3期155-160,共6页Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)

摘　　要：目的：探讨哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原种类、过敏原分布特点,以及与患儿年龄、性别的关系，为哮喘儿童的临床诊治及预防提供理论依据。方法采用丹麦 ALK-ABELL 公司提供的13种标准化变应原皮肤点刺液，对2008年7月至2013年7月在儿科门诊就诊的653例（男455例，女198例）哮喘患儿进行吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test,SPT）；按照年龄<4岁、4～7岁、～14岁分3组，比较不同年龄组及性别哮喘患儿 SPT 阳性率、过敏原种类变化。结果（1）653例 SPT 的总阳性率为62.6％。常见吸入性过敏原依次为粉尘螨266例（40.7%）、屋尘螨265例（40.6%）、热带螨162例（24.8%）、猫毛发皮屑91例（13.9%）、艾蒿89例（13.6%）等。（2）男性SPT 阳性299例，阳性率65.7%；女性 SPT 阳性110例，阳性率55.5%，男性较女性 SPT 阳性率高（P<0.05）。男性过敏原前5位依次为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、艾蒿、狗毛发皮屑，女性前5位依次为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨、艾蒿、猫毛发皮屑。（3）<4岁组女性 SPT 阳性率较男性高（P<0.05），4～7岁组、～14岁组男性 SPT 阳性率较女性高（P<0.05）。（4）3种及3种以上吸入性过敏原SPT，男性阳性率62.6%，女性阳性率50.9%，性别比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原在常见种类上存在性别及年龄差异，表现为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、艾蒿均为男女患儿前4位常见过敏原，第5位过敏原男女患儿分别为狗毛发皮屑和猫毛发皮屑；<4岁组女性哮喘患儿 SPT 阳性率较男性高，4～7岁组、～14岁组男性 SPT 阳性率较女性高；男性较女性患儿更容易同时存在3种及3种以上过敏原阳性。Objective This study is aimed to investigate the type and distribution features of allergens inhaled by asthma children as well as their relationship with the age and gender of patients, to provide theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of asthma in children. Method 13 types of standardized allergen skin prick liquid, provided by the Danish ALK-ABELL company, were used for inhaled allergen skin prick test (SPT) in 653 cases of children with asthma, treated in the pediatric clinic from July 2008 to July 2013. The patients were divided into three groups by age, <4 years old, 4-7 years old, and 7 -14 years old. The SPT-positive rate and changes of allergens species were compared among these three groups of patients. Result (1)Of the 653 patients,409(62.6%)cases were SPT-positive. The most prevalent inhalant allergens were: Dermatophagns farina in 266 cases(40.7%) , Dermatophagoides pteronyss inus in 265 cases (40.6%), tropical mite in 162 cases (24.8%), cat dander in 91 cases (13.9%), mugwort in 89 cases (13.6%);(2)The SPT-positive rate in males(299 in 455 cases; 65.7%) was greater than that in females (110 in 198 cases; 55.6%; P<0.05)The top 5 allergens were different between males and females. For males, they are house dust mites, dust mites, tropical mites, mugwort, and dog hair allergens, respectively. And for females, the top five allergens were dust mites, house dust mites, tropical mites, mugwort, and cat hair, respectively. (3)For <4 years old patients, the female's SPT-positive rate was higher than male's whereas male's SPT-positive rate was higher than females in groups of 4-7 years old and 7-14 years old. (4) SPT-positive male children is easier than SPT-positive female children with asthma to inhale three or more kinds of allergens(62.6% in male vs. 50.9% in female; P<0.05). Conclusion There are differences of gender and age in common inhalant allergens for children with asthma The top four common allergens were Dermatophagns farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyss inus, trop

关 键 词：哮喘 过敏原 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]