小麦、玉米轮作制度下耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤物理性状的影响  

Effects of Tillage Managements in Wheat-maize Crop System on Soil Physical Properties in Summer Maize Season

作　　者：刘淑梅[1] 曲晓燕 张洪生[1] 姜雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]烟台市莱山区农业站,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第6期226-232,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划子课题(2011BAD09B01);粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B09;2012BAD04B05);山东省"泰山学者建设工程"专项经费

摘　　要：将冬小麦、夏玉米作为整体,研究耕作定位试验(10种不同耕作措施)对山东省半湿润易旱区夏玉米季土壤物理性状的影响。耕作试验(第2年)结果表明:与玉米吐丝期和灌浆中期相比,收获期土壤含水量受耕作方式影响更显著,其中土壤表层0～20 cm土层土壤含水量最高,耕作处理为A2B2R(小麦季免耕+玉米季免耕+秸秆还田),20～40 cm、40～60 cm均为A1B2R(小麦季旋耕+玉米季免耕+秸秆还田)最高。玉米吐丝期和收获期各土层温度均值(上午8时)为A3B2R(小麦季深松+玉米季免耕+秸秆还田)和A1B1R(小麦季旋耕+玉米季隔年旋耕+秸秆还田)耕作方式土壤温度最高,比对照(小麦季旋耕+玉米季免耕+秸秆不还田)增加0.4～0.6℃。处理A1B2R、A2B2R和A4B2R(小麦季深耕+玉米季免耕+秸秆还田)表层0～20cm土壤容重显著降低;小麦季深松和深耕(A3B2R、A4B2R)和小麦、玉米两季均深耕或深松(A3B3R、A4B4R)显著降低深层(40～60 cm)土壤容重,尤其是小麦、玉米两季均深耕或深松。因此小麦、玉米两季均免耕能显著降低表层土壤容重,增加表层含水量;而深耕、深松耕作方式主要影响深耕层土壤容重,其中小麦季、玉米季两季均深松或深耕效果好于小麦单季深松或深耕。During wheat-maize whole season ,with ten different tillage treatments ,the effects of tillage manage-ments on soil physical properties in summer maize season were studied .Compared with silking and mid-filling stage , the soil water content was more largely affected by tillage treatments ,and the highest water content in the layer be-tween 0-20 cm was found in A2B2R(No-tillage at either wheat season or at maize season +straw returning),and the highest water content in both 20-40 and 40-60cm were in A1B2R(Rotary tillage at wheat season +direct seeding maize+straw returning ) .The average soil temperatures of 0-60 cm at both silking and maturity stage were highest in A3B2R (Subsoiling tillage at wheat season +direct seeding maize+straw returning) and A1B1R(Rotary tillage at both wheat season and maize season +straw returning),and were 0.4-0.6℃higher than that of control ( Rotary tillage at wheat season +direct seeding maize +no straw returning ) .The bulk density in the 0-20 cm layer was decreased in treatments A1B2R,A2B2R and A4B2R(Deep tillage at wheat season +direct seeding maize+straw returning),A3B2R,A4B2R,A3B3R and A4B4R obviously decreased the deep layer (40-60 cm ) soil bulk density,especially A3 B3 R and A4 B4 R.Therefore,no-tillage at either wheat season or at maize season could decrease the bulk density in the surface layer and increase the water content .However,the deep tillage or subsoiling tillage mainly decreases the deeper soil bulk density ,especially deep tillage or subsoiling tillage at both wheat and maize season .

关 键 词：深松 深耕 容重 土壤含水量 温度 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]