冬季两项运动员射击目标取向、竞赛状态焦虑、运动心理疲劳的特点及其关系  

Characteristics and Relationships of Biathlon Athletes' Shooting Target Orientation,Competitive State Anxiety and Sports Psychological Fatigue

作　　者：杨阿丽[1] 张涛 安林波 刘光途 来林[1] 王楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院体育社会科学研究中心,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]解放军八一雪上运动大队,辽宁大连116041

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2013年第6期41-46,共6页China Winter Sports

基　　金：国家科技部支撑计划课题(2009BAK57B04);国家队科研综合攻关研究课题(2012A013)

摘　　要：采用射击运动员目标取向测验、竞赛状态焦虑和运动心理疲劳问卷,对解放军八一雪上运动大队冬季两项30名运动员进行调查。结果显示:冬季两项女运动员射击自我取向显著高于男运动员;冬季两项运动员的自我取向与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、情绪体力耗竭、运动负评价存在显著正相关,任务取向与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、成就感降低、情绪体力耗竭、运动负评价存在显著负相关;自我取向型运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、情绪体力耗竭和运动负评价上显著高于任务取向型运动员;自我取向越高、任务取向越低的运动员,认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑越高,成就感越低,情绪体力耗竭和运动负评价越高。冬季两项运动员射击目标取向是竞赛状态焦虑和运动心理疲劳的重要影响因素,自我取向和任务取向对竞赛状态焦虑和运动性心理疲劳具有不同的影响作用。With the questionnaire of target orientation test , competitive state anxiety and sports psychological fatigue, this paper has a research on 30 biathlon athletes of the Army’s August 1 Skiing Team.The results show:The self-orientation of female biathlon athletes is significantly higher than male ’ s;Self-orientation of biathlon athletes is positively associated with cognitive state anxiety , somatic state anxiety , emotional ex-haustion and negative evaluation of sports , task orientation is negatively related to cognitive state anxiety , somatic state anxiety , low positive sense , emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports;Self-ori-ented athletes are significantly higher than that of task orientation athletes in the cognitive state anxiety , so-matic state anxiety , emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports;Athletes who have higher self -orientation and lower task orientation , the higher cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety , the lower positive feelings , the higher emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports .The shooting target ori-entation of biathlon athletes is an important influencing factor of competitive state anxiety and sports psycho -logical fatigue , self-orientation and task orientation have different influences on competitive state anxiety and sports psychological fatigue .

关 键 词：冬季两项运动员 射击目标取向 竞赛状态焦虑 运动心理疲劳 

分 类 号：G8[文化科学—体育学]