棉秸秆力学性能测试试验研究  

Study on the Testing Experiment of Mechanical Property of Cotton Straws

作　　者：谭露露[1] 王春耀[1] 李彦峰[1] 王跃东[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第8期1513-1518,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目(20091110)

摘　　要：[目的]通过研究棉秸秆的力学性能,为梳齿式采棉机、棉秸秆切割、残膜回收等机具的设计提供必要的基础参数数据.[方法]采集不同时节的棉秸秆,利用真空干燥箱测定棉秸秆含水率,万能材料试验机测试棉秸秆的剪切、弯曲、拉伸、压缩的力学性能.[结果]当含水率在20％～40％时,棉秸秆的抗剪强度、抗压强度变化不大,平均抗剪强度和平均抗压强度分别集中在19.3～21.2、11.65～13.07 MP;抗拉强度随着含水率的增大而增大,其值集中在26.5 ～45 MP;破坏时所需的平均最大弯曲力随着含水率的增大而降低,其值集中在125～268.11N.[结论]棉秸秆的力学性能与其直径和含水率密切相关;棉秸秆随着含水率或直径的增大,抗拉强度随之增大,破坏时所需的最大弯曲力随之降低;含水率对抗剪强度和抗压强度变化的影响不大,但抗剪强度和抗压强度随着秸秆直径的增大而增大;棉秸秆的采集时间秋季、初冬比翌年3月的平均含水率要高,且棉秸秆表皮的含水率对整个棉秸秆的含水率影响较大.【Objective】The project aims to study the mechanical properties of cotton stalks for the design of comb cotton,cotton straw cutting,and plastic film recycling machines and provide the fundamental equipment and mold design data.【Method】Vacuum drying oven was used to determine the moisture content of cotton stalks,and universal testing machine cotton to test the rod shear,bending,stretching,compression mechanical properties test.【Result 】When the moisture content was between 20% ~ 40%,compressive strength and tensile strength resistance of cotton straw changed little,average shear strength and compressive strength concentrated in 19.3-21.2,11.65-13.07 MP;as the moisture content increased with increased tensile strength,concentrating its value between 26.5-45 MP and average maximum bending force required to damage reduced accordingly,between its value set in the 125-268.11 N.【Conclusion】Mechanical property of cotton straws was closely related to moisture content and their diameters,which increase with the increasing moisture content,resulting in the increase in the fracture toughness and tensile strength,and accordingly the required maximum bending force for destruction decreased.Moisture content had little effect on shear strength and compressive strength but they increase with the increasing diameters of the cotton rod.The average moisture content of cotton stalks during the Fall and early Winter was higher than that in march of the next year.Mechanical properties of cotton stalks and its moisture content,is closely related to diameter;moisture content of cotton stalk epidermis rate significantly affect the moisture content of whole cotton stalk.

关 键 词：含水率 抗剪强度 抗拉强度 抗压强度 弯曲力 

分 类 号：S22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]