海上货物运输法中合同自由原则的适度回归——《鹿特丹规则》第80条评析  

A Return to the Principle of Freedom of Contract in Law of Carriage of Goods by Sea——An analysis of Article 80 of the Rotterdam Rules

作　　者：马迅[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学法学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第5期7-12,共6页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：为了防止具有垄断地位的承运人损害货主利益,长期以来在海上货物运输法领域形成了以《海牙规则》为代表的强行法体制,通过立法和司法干预排除当事人的合同自由。但在当今许多学者对这一强制性体制提出了质疑。《鹿特丹规则》第80条,对批量合同回归合同自由原则,允许当事人在批量合同中背离公约中的强制性规定。但同时这一回归也附有严格的条件。考虑到国际海运市场的状况和中国的实际情况,中国在修改《海商法》时应采纳《鹿特丹规则》第80条的规定,但同时应注意对批量合同的定义加以限定,并采取一些公法上的措施加强监督,防止承运人利用合同自由原则损害小托运人的利益。In order to prevent the carrier with monopoly from damaging the interests of the cargo own-er ,for a long time law of carriage of goods by sea has formed a mandatory system represented by T he Hague Rules ,w hich excludes the parties'freedom of contract through legislative and judicial interventions . However ,many scholars questioned this mandatory system .Article 80 in the Rotterdam Rules has re-turned to the principle of freedom of contract in volume contracts ,allowing the parties to depart from the mandatory provisions of the Convention in volume contracts .But this return has strict conditions .In view of the international shipping market and China's actual situation ,China should adopt Article 80 of the Rot-terdam Rules when revising maritime law .But we should also limit the definition of volume contracts and take some measures in public law to strengthen supervision in order to prevent the carrier from using the principle of freedom of contract to damage small shippers'interests .

关 键 词：鹿特丹规则 合同自由 回归 海商法 修订 

分 类 号：D922.24[政治法律—经济法学]