2006年中国老年人残疾状况分析  

Epidemiological Analysis of Elderly People with Disabilities in China in 2006

作　　者：熊妮娜[1,2] 叶奇[1,2] 施继良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市残疾人康复服务指导中心,北京100070 [2]中国残疾人联合会,北京100034

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2011年第3期76-79,共4页Disability Research

摘　　要：为了解老年人的残疾现状,抽取第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中年龄≥60岁老年人资料进行流行病学分析。结果发现,老年人总残疾现患率为24.0%,各类残疾现患率依次为:听力残疾8.3%、肢体残疾6.1%、视力残疾4.6%、精神残疾0.7%、智力残疾0.3%、言语残疾0.1%。男性听力残疾、言语残疾现患率高于女性(P<0.05),女性视力残疾、精神残疾现患率高于男性(P<0.05)。视力残疾、听力残疾、肢体残疾、多重残疾的现患率均随年龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),言语残疾、精神残疾的现患率随年龄的增加而下降(P<0.05)。除言语残疾外,其它各类残疾的农村现患率均明显高于城市(P<0.05)。听力残疾、肢体残疾、智力残疾以轻度和中度为主,视力残疾、精神残疾、言语残疾以轻度和极重度为主。脑疾病是肢体残疾、智力残疾、言语残疾的首要原因;听力残疾、视力残疾、精神残疾的首要原因分别是老年性耳聋、视网膜色素膜病、精神分裂症。老年人残疾日趋严重,应做好相关康复服务和辅助器具配备工作,同时应在年轻人中做好慢性疾病防治和各种保健工作。To understand the present situation of disabilities among elderly people,the data of people no less than 60 years old from the second national sampling survey on disability was selected and analyzed. The overall prevalence of disabilities was 24.0%.The prevalence rates of six disabilities were in the following: hearing disabilities 8.3%,physical disabilities 6.1%,visual disabilities 4.6%,psychiatric disabilities 0.7%, mental disabilities 0.3%,and speech disabilities 0.1%.The prevalence rates of hearing and speech disabilities were higher in male than that in female(P<0.05),visual and psychiatric ones were higher in female than that in male(P<0.05).The prevalence rates of visual,hearing,physical,multiple disabilities increased with age (P<0.05),speech,psychiatric ones decreased with age(P<0.05).The prevalence rates of all kinds of disabilities were higher in village than that in city,except speech disability(P<0.05).Mild and moderate degrees were the major among hearing,physical and mental disabilities;mild and serious degrees were the major among visual,psychiatric and speech disabilities.Brain diseases were the first cause of physical,mental and speech disabilities,senile deaf,retina and pigment epithelium pathological changes,and schizophrenia were the first causes of hearing,visual,and psychiatric disabilities respectively.The prevalence rate of disabilities among elderly people was serious.Therefore,relative good rehabilitation and assistant instruments should be provided.Moreover,it is important to prevent and treat chronic diseases and strengthen healthcare among young people.

关 键 词：老年人 残疾 流行病学 

分 类 号：D669.69[政治法律—政治学] D669.6[政治法律—中外政治制度]