不同生育期玉米大豆间作土壤水势变化特征  

Soil Water Potential Characteristics of Maize and Soybean Intercropping at Different Growth Period

作　　者：杨檑[1] 郑毅[1,2] 汤利[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报》2011年第5期689-693,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860157);"973"计划科研专项(2011CB100405);公益性(农业)科研专项(201103003)

摘　　要：土壤水的移动影响作物对养分的吸收,通过土水势的测定可以为作物从土壤中吸收养分提供重要参考。本文通过盆栽试验,研究了玉米和大豆间作时作物在玉米苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽穗期、成熟期土壤水势上的变化特征。结果表明:玉米大豆间作具有明显的间作产量优势。与相应的单作相比,间作玉米籽粒产量、玉米叶片生物量和大豆叶片生物量,分别提高41.90%,22.19%,59.57%,表明了玉米大豆间作体系中玉米具有产量竞争优势。在玉米大豆间作中,除苗期第1天到第5天、拔节期第1天到第5天、成熟期第1天到第10天外,其它生育期玉米的土壤水势低于大豆。这表明在玉米旺盛生长时期(拔节盛期、大喇叭口期、抽穗期),土壤水分都是从大豆向玉米移动。玉米相对于大豆对土壤水分有更强的竞争能力。Soil water movement influences nutrient uptake of crops and measurement of soil water potential can indicate the trend of nutrient uptake by crops from the soil.Pot experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of soil water potential during seedling,jointing,bell-mouthed,heading and ripening stages in maize and soybean intercropping.The results showed that maize and soybean intercropping system had advantage of yield.Yield of intercropped maize grain,biomass of intercropped maize and soybean Leaf were higher than corresponding monocropping,increased by 41.90%,22.19% and 59.57%,which indicated that maize had advantage of yield competition in maize and soybean intercropping.Soil water potential of intercropped maize were lower than intercropped soybean during all growth stage except the 1st day to 5th in seedling stage,the 1st day to 5th day in jointing stage,the 1st day to 10th in ripening stage.The results indicated that soil water movement was from the soil around soybean to the soil around maize in hearty stage of maize(jointing hearty stage,bell-mouthed stage,heading stage).In comparison with soybean,maize has stronger water competition capability.

关 键 词：玉米 大豆 间作 土壤水势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1